Hinges & Temporary hinges


Permanent hinges can be defined within "Structure/Elements/Hinges" where they can be set in the Elements Global or Local directions for the Begin and End of the Elements. The three directions X, Y, Z and the three rotations (moments) WX, WY, WZ are available and once turned On the DOF - Degrees Of Freedom - will change in the table list from equal sign "=" to a star sign "*" indicating they are free into this direction. At the main view screen they can be visualized as the green dots when selected in View Options with Draw hinges option picked.

Usually the cross members with a pinned connection will be more realistically modeled as elements with WY and WZ as free rotations and all other DOF (X,Y,Z,WX) kept as fixed. This is the general case as when gusset plates are used at the extreme top flange of this members.

Hinges   ViewHinges

Alternatively, or if hinges are to be defined as temporary ones for an intermediate state, the following procedure needs to be applied:

For modelling a hinge between two elements in one segment the element ends at this position need to have different nodes in order that these elements are not connected anymore with each other and their particular nodes then can be connected by a spring element with the wished DOF parameters. It is done as demonstrated in the schema below: 

That means with respect to this sample you have to change the node assignment at segment point 6 for element 106 begin by editing within PARTS in the Modeler, so that element 106 begin has a different node than element 105 end (i.e. there are two nodes at the same position). Then you connect the two nodes by placing a spring at segment point 6 from position BEFORE segment point 6 to position AFTER segment point 6. Then you can define the desired spring constants.

 

If you want to change the DOF of the hinge during construction, you just have to place a second spring in the same way and activate and deactivate them in the Analyzer schedule accordingly.

Note that in addition when removing a spring, a load case for element removal ("DEMO") has to be calculated to perform the correct structural change. 

So if e.g. you want to have first a hinge in 3D and then a rigid connection in a later stage, you would have to define one spring with Cx, Cy, Cz = 1e8 and the second one having Cx, Cy, Cz and CMx, CMy, CMz = 1e8.

 

In composite structures all parts are connected to the same node series. The new node (1006) has to be defined for the elements of all the parts. The spring is then defined again between the two nodes (1006 and 106), thus connecting all the parts of the composite structure (i.e. just one spring).