So may design questions ......
Programming
What languages are you restrained to ? JAVA, ASP.NET, etc. ?
Are you using the Google Maps API to retreive the lat/longs of the point on the map ?
Database
What are you storing on the database ?
The lat long values of the locations ?
Maybe a table with lat/long, name of location and maybe a brief description ?
How are you getting these locations into the database ? Is that part of your interface ?
How are you restricting access to the database? Do users need to sign on somehow ?
Back to your questions .
Typically the web interface sends off a query to the server and retrieves a message back. The return message is then interpeted and acted upon. One of the more popular ways to do this is thru SOAP and XML. On the server side you may need a helper app to gather the requests, interface with teh database, and send back the messages.
Others may have different opinions.
HTH
Jerry