Equivalent Static Earthquake loading for underground structures

Is there any method to apply earthquake loading on buried structures other than applying earthquake record via dynamic analysis?
I meant methods like HASHSH* method that are static loading instead of time history.

i want to design an underground structure.for static loading its ok and we could simulate it with plaxis 2D or 3D. but the problem rises when you want to design for earthquake included load combination.right now i use HASHASH method for 2D design but for 3d design i dont know is there anyway other than applying earthquake record(time history analysis).

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*Hashash, Youssef MA, et al. "Seismic design and analysis of underground structures." Tunneling and underground space technology 16.4 (2001): 247-293.

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  • Dear Ahmad,

    PLAXIS can be used to perform static, pseudo-static and time-domain dynamic analyses. For instance, the transverse pseudo-static soil-structure interaction analysis for racking deformations of underground structures (which is based on a 2D plane strain assumption) proposed by Hashash et al. (2001) and further detail in Hashash et al. (2010) that you mentioned can be performed in PLAXIS.

    In general, an approach can be:

    1. Perform a 1D pseudo-static analysis without any soil-structure interaction (so no structure)
    2. Look at the time-evolution of lateral displacement at top and bottom of buried structures location in the previously 1D analysis run
    3. Derive the maximum difference over time between those two points and computing the equivalent maximum shear (that would occur in a free-field situation) = max displacement / (depth_top – depth_bottom)
    4. Apply a prescribed shear strain (the maximum one previously calculated) in the framework of a static analysis
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