How can i calculate Axial skin resistance (T skin start max, Tskin end max) and Base resistance (Fmax) for Embeded beams?

Question

Hi everyone, 
 Can anyone explain that how can i calculate Axial skin resistance (T skin start max, Tskin end max) and Base resistance (Fmax) for an Embeded beam (in cohesive soil) ?

Vasileios Basas · Answer

Hi Batuhan, 
 The base resistance can be calculated as the vertical stress in the element just below the pile tip multiplied by the pile cross-sectional area. The skin resistance can be calculated as the sum of the shear stress at each element along the pile multiplied by the surface area at that element. 
 That being said, there are different ways of evaluating these two parameters. For example, the base and skin resistance can be calculated using empirical formulae (Vesic, Kulhawy, &beta;-method etc.), pile load tests, published correlations or numerical simulations. 
 Moreover, in the absence of data, you may choose a "layer-dependent" skin resistance. This option can be used to relate the local skin resistance to the strength properties (cohesion c and friction angle &phi;) and the interface strength reduction factor, Rinter, as defined in the material data set of the corresponding soil or rock layers.