PIPELINE ANALYSIS

Dear Sir

      How to put internal pressure inside a pipe. If we are going with that tunnel one then two circular vertical surfaces are created at the two ends of pipes which looks like pipe is closed. So how to remove those to circular vertical surfaces ?

How we ensure that internal pressure is from inside to outside because if we put change the sign of the load then also the direction of load is not changing means the direction of surface load arrow is same only ?

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