Why does the soil uplift?

I want to establish a circular retaining structure with a buried depth of 1.5m, so in phase 1, I deactivated the soil with a diameter of 10m and activated the circular retaining structure. I can understand the uplift of the soil inside the enclosure structure, but why does the soil outside the enclosure structure also swell ?  Who can tell me some possible reasons, I would be very grateful to you.

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  • Similar question posted here:Piled Raft Foundation

    The structure is connected to the surrounding soil via the interface element. Therefore you should expect that depending on the level of bondage that the soil would follow the movement of the structure. 

  • Hi,

    Do you mean that the upward movement of the concrete structure causes the upward movement of the surrounding soil? But in my model, I'm not putting any force on the concrete structure. I do not believe that the concrete structure can move upward due to the unloading rebound of the soil.

  • There are many obvious causes for the uplift that I presume you have already investigated?

    • Did you use interfaces? If not, the excavation bottom lift also lifts the wall.
    • And what is the weight of the wall compared to the weight of the excavated soil? If the wall is relatively light, it will lift
    • What is the ratio of soil stiffnesses and is the soil normally consolidated or overconsolidated?
      • If it's (heavily) overconsolidated the HSsmall model will behave pretty much elastic and you'll have the same problem as with M-C.
      • If it's normally consolidated then the wall lowers (at installation) mostly depending on Eoed an E50 but the soil rises during excavation depending on Eur and E50. If the ratios Eur/E50 and Eur/Eoed are not so high than the soil may rise enough to push the wall up, especially if no interfaces have been used.

    You can always send your project to our support department to have a further look.

    With kind regards,

    Dennis Waterman

  • Thank you for your reply.

    First of all, I used the interface in all models and the soil was normally consolidated. The unit weight of the wall is 25, and the unit weight of the soil is 18. I have made quite a few attempts according to your suggestions.
    1) By increasing the ratios Eur/E50 and Eur/Eoed, the uplift value of the concrete wall does decrease, but the reduction is small enough to be negligible.
    2) By testing HSS, HS and MC respectively, the results of wall uplift are Uz (MC) >Uz (HS) >Uz (HSS).

    However, no matter how it is changed, the soil and the wall will settle during the installation of the wall (which is reasonable). But during excavation, the walls always uplift. For example, during the installation phase, the total displacement UZ=-2mm, and then during the excavation phase, the total displacement UZ=0.1mm.

    In fact, I just want to understand how to avoid this kind of situation in the program that is impossible to happen in real engineering.

  • I have to give up now, I found that soil uplift is impossible to change.

  • I'm sure there is a simple explanation and solution for it. That is why I suggested to send the project to our support department, which I presume you haven't done yet.

  • This is a fairly simple model. I really want to know what the problem is and how to modify it so that the soil does not uplift. Here is the command flow.

    ##~ running Plaxis3DInput.exe 22.1.0.452
    _setproperties "Title" "" "Company" "only@ ::LAVteam::®" "Comments" "" "UnitForce" "kN" "UnitLength" "m" "UnitTime" "day" "WaterWeight" 10 "ReferenceTemperature" 293.15 "LiquidSpecificHeatCapacity" 4181.3 "LiquidThermalConductivity" 0.0006 "LiquidLatentHeat" 334000 "LiquidThermalExpansion" 0.00021 "LiquidTemperature" 293.15 "IceSpecificHeatCapacity" 2108 "IceThermalConductivity" 0.00222 "IceThermalExpansion" 5E-5 "VapourSpecificHeatCapacity" 1930 "VapourThermalConductivity" 2.5E-5 "VapourSpecificGasConstant" 461.5 "UseTemperatureDepWaterPropsTable" False "ModelType" "Full" "ElementType" "10-Noded"
    _initializerectangular SoilContour -150 -150 150 150
    _borehole 0 0
    _set Borehole_1.Head -0.5
    _soillayer 0
    _soilmat "SoilModel" "Mohr-Coulomb"
    _set SoilMat_1.SoilModel "HS small"
    _set SoilMat_1.Identification "soil"
    _set Soil.DrainageType "Undrained A"
    _set Soil.gammaUnsat 18
    _set Soil.gammaSat 18.6
    _set Soil.E50Ref 5000
    _set Soil.G0Ref 45000
    _set Soil.gamma07 0.0002
    _set Soil.cRef 10
    _set Soil.phi 20
    _set Soil.InterfaceStrengthDetermination "Manual"
    _set Soil.Rinter 0.7
    _set Soillayer_1.Zones[0].Bottom -150
    _set Soillayer_1.Soil.Material Soil
    _gotostructures
    _gotosoil
    _soilmat "SoilModel" "Mohr-Coulomb"
    _set SoilMat_1.SoilModel "Linear Elastic"
    _set SoilMat_1.Identification "concrete"
    _set Concrete.gammaUnsat 25
    _set Concrete.gammaSat 25
    _set Concrete.DrainageType "Non-porous"
    _set Concrete.ERef 30000000
    _set Concrete.nu 0.2
    _gotostructures
    _polycurve 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
    _reset Polycurve_1 "Arc" 0 180 6 "Arc" 0 180 6
    _set Polycurve_1.Offset2 -6
    _polycurve 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
    _reset Polycurve_2 "Arc" 0 180 6.4 "Arc" 0 180 6.4
    _set Polycurve_2.Offset2 -6.4
    _surface -8 8 0 9 8 0 9 -8 0
    _addpoint Polygon_1 -10 -7 0
    _intersect (Polygon_1 Polycurve_2 Polycurve_1)
    _delete (Surface_3)
    _extrude (Surface_1 Surface_2) 0 0 -1.5
    _delete Geometry (Surface_1 Surface_2)
    _decomposesrf Volume_1
    _delete Geometry (Surface_Volume_1_3 Surface_Volume_1_4)
    _delete Geometry Surface_Volume_1_1
    _delete Geometry Surface_Volume_1_6
    _posinterface (Surface_Volume_1_5 Surface_Volume_1_2)
    _delete Geometry (Polycurve_6 Polycurve_5 Polycurve_4 Polycurve_3)
    _gotomesh
    _refine (BoreholeVolume_1_Volume_1_1 BoreholeVolume_1_Volume_2_1)
    _mesh "Coarseness" 0.05 "UseEnhancedRefinements" True "EMRGlobalScale" 1.2 "EMRMinElementSize" 0.005 "UseSweptMeshing" False
    _gotostages
    _phase InitialPhase
    _set Model.CurrentPhase Phase_1
    _set Soil_1_Soil_2_1.Material Phase_1 Concrete
    _activate Interfaces Phase_1
    _phase Phase_1
    _set Model.CurrentPhase Phase_2
    _set Model.CurrentPhase Phase_1
    _set Model.CurrentPhase Phase_2
    _deactivate (Soil_1_Soil_3_1) Phase_2

Reply
  • This is a fairly simple model. I really want to know what the problem is and how to modify it so that the soil does not uplift. Here is the command flow.

    ##~ running Plaxis3DInput.exe 22.1.0.452
    _setproperties "Title" "" "Company" "only@ ::LAVteam::®" "Comments" "" "UnitForce" "kN" "UnitLength" "m" "UnitTime" "day" "WaterWeight" 10 "ReferenceTemperature" 293.15 "LiquidSpecificHeatCapacity" 4181.3 "LiquidThermalConductivity" 0.0006 "LiquidLatentHeat" 334000 "LiquidThermalExpansion" 0.00021 "LiquidTemperature" 293.15 "IceSpecificHeatCapacity" 2108 "IceThermalConductivity" 0.00222 "IceThermalExpansion" 5E-5 "VapourSpecificHeatCapacity" 1930 "VapourThermalConductivity" 2.5E-5 "VapourSpecificGasConstant" 461.5 "UseTemperatureDepWaterPropsTable" False "ModelType" "Full" "ElementType" "10-Noded"
    _initializerectangular SoilContour -150 -150 150 150
    _borehole 0 0
    _set Borehole_1.Head -0.5
    _soillayer 0
    _soilmat "SoilModel" "Mohr-Coulomb"
    _set SoilMat_1.SoilModel "HS small"
    _set SoilMat_1.Identification "soil"
    _set Soil.DrainageType "Undrained A"
    _set Soil.gammaUnsat 18
    _set Soil.gammaSat 18.6
    _set Soil.E50Ref 5000
    _set Soil.G0Ref 45000
    _set Soil.gamma07 0.0002
    _set Soil.cRef 10
    _set Soil.phi 20
    _set Soil.InterfaceStrengthDetermination "Manual"
    _set Soil.Rinter 0.7
    _set Soillayer_1.Zones[0].Bottom -150
    _set Soillayer_1.Soil.Material Soil
    _gotostructures
    _gotosoil
    _soilmat "SoilModel" "Mohr-Coulomb"
    _set SoilMat_1.SoilModel "Linear Elastic"
    _set SoilMat_1.Identification "concrete"
    _set Concrete.gammaUnsat 25
    _set Concrete.gammaSat 25
    _set Concrete.DrainageType "Non-porous"
    _set Concrete.ERef 30000000
    _set Concrete.nu 0.2
    _gotostructures
    _polycurve 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
    _reset Polycurve_1 "Arc" 0 180 6 "Arc" 0 180 6
    _set Polycurve_1.Offset2 -6
    _polycurve 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
    _reset Polycurve_2 "Arc" 0 180 6.4 "Arc" 0 180 6.4
    _set Polycurve_2.Offset2 -6.4
    _surface -8 8 0 9 8 0 9 -8 0
    _addpoint Polygon_1 -10 -7 0
    _intersect (Polygon_1 Polycurve_2 Polycurve_1)
    _delete (Surface_3)
    _extrude (Surface_1 Surface_2) 0 0 -1.5
    _delete Geometry (Surface_1 Surface_2)
    _decomposesrf Volume_1
    _delete Geometry (Surface_Volume_1_3 Surface_Volume_1_4)
    _delete Geometry Surface_Volume_1_1
    _delete Geometry Surface_Volume_1_6
    _posinterface (Surface_Volume_1_5 Surface_Volume_1_2)
    _delete Geometry (Polycurve_6 Polycurve_5 Polycurve_4 Polycurve_3)
    _gotomesh
    _refine (BoreholeVolume_1_Volume_1_1 BoreholeVolume_1_Volume_2_1)
    _mesh "Coarseness" 0.05 "UseEnhancedRefinements" True "EMRGlobalScale" 1.2 "EMRMinElementSize" 0.005 "UseSweptMeshing" False
    _gotostages
    _phase InitialPhase
    _set Model.CurrentPhase Phase_1
    _set Soil_1_Soil_2_1.Material Phase_1 Concrete
    _activate Interfaces Phase_1
    _phase Phase_1
    _set Model.CurrentPhase Phase_2
    _set Model.CurrentPhase Phase_1
    _set Model.CurrentPhase Phase_2
    _deactivate (Soil_1_Soil_3_1) Phase_2

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