Bentley Communities
Bentley Communities
  • Site
  • User
  • Site
  • Search
  • User
  • Welcome
  • Products
  • Support
  • About
  • More
  • Cancel
GeoStudio | PLAXIS
  • Product Communities
GeoStudio | PLAXIS
GeoStudio | PLAXIS Wiki Site response analysis and liquefaction evaluation
    • Sign In
    • -Geotechnical Analysis Wiki
      • +GeoStudio
      • -PLAXIS
        • +Software and License - PLAXIS
        • +Documentation - PLAXIS
        • +API / Python scripting - PLAXIS
        • +Known issues - PLAXIS
        • +Models - PLAXIS
        • +Tips and Tricks
        • -Publications
          • 3D Dimensional Ground Deformation Analysis of Deep Excavation Adjacent to Railway Embankment in the City of Rotterdam
          • 3D finite element analyses of deep soil improvement
          • 3D Finite Element Analysis of a Deep Excavation in Monaco
          • 3D-interaction of Structure and Subsoil for a New Fly Ash Silo, Maasvlakte Rotterdam
          • 4D grouting pressure model of a bored tunnel in 3D Tunnel
          • Application of the ground anchor facility in 3DFoundation
          • Application of the Random Set Finite Element Method (RS-FEM) in Geotechnics
          • Capacity Analysis of Suction Anchors in Clay
          • Capacity Analysis of Suction Anchors in Clay by 3DFoundation
          • Comparison of computed vs. measured lateral load/deflection response of ACIP piles
          • Constitutive Modelling and Parameter Determination
          • Crane Monopile Foundation Analysis
          • Cyclic Loading of Suction Caissons
          • Deep Excavation in Soft Soil and Complex Ground Water Conditions in Bogotá
          • Designing a bridge with 3Dtunnel
          • Drainage Line Elements in PLAXIS 2D and 3D applied in Consolidating Marine Clay Deposits
          • Effect of Anisotropy on Tensile Stresses at the Bottom of a Base Course in Flexible Pavements
          • Embedded pile row: A case study in PLAXIS 2D
          • FE-Analysis of piled and piled raft foundations
          • Finite element modelling of ice rubble
          • Free field boundary conditions for PLAXIS 2D: new improvements and recommendations for practical use
          • Geomaterial Models and Numerical Analysis of Softening
          • Ground response analysis
          • Groundwater flow, fully coupled flow deformation and undrained analyses in PLAXIS 2D and 3D
          • Highway Collapse: Evaluation of Geotechnical Factors Affecting Design of Excavation Support System
          • Hoek-Brown failure criterion
          • How a distressed quay wall could be moved back in place… using Plaxis
          • Hysteretic damping in a small-strain stiffness model
          • Identification of constitutive parameters reconstituted and natural Pisa clay
          • Influence of a revetment geometry on liquefaction susceptibility
          • Influence of helix bending deflection on the load transfer mechanism in PLAXIS 3D
          • Local ice crushing analyses of OPEN CELL SHEET PILE Wall by 3DFoundation
          • Modelling of progressive failure mechanism of mine pillars
          • Modelling Swelling Rock Behaviour in Tunnelling
          • Modelling the behaviour of piled raft applying 3DFoundation Version 2
          • Mohr-Coulomb parameters for modelling of concrete structures
          • New building plans on the surface above the existing underground Willemspoortunnel in Rotterdam
          • Non-associated plasticity for soils, concrete and rock.
          • Non-linear finite element analysis of safety factors
          • Notes on the Application of the Spring Constant and Soil-Structure Interaction Problems
          • Numerical analysis of geosynthetic reinforced piled embankment scale model tests
          • Numerical Analysis of Soil-Structure Interaction
          • Numerical Analysis of Swelling Deformations in Tunnelling - a Case Study
          • Numerical modelling of different applications in Energy Foundation Technology
          • Numerical simulation of a trial wall on expansive soil in Sudan
          • Numerical simulations and parametric study of SDCM and DCM piles under full scale axial and lateral loads as well as under embankment load
          • Numerical Simulations of Geotechnical Works in Bangkok Subsoil Using Advanced Soil Models Available in Plaxis and Through User-Defined Model
          • On Stability Analysis of Slurry–Wall Trenches
          • On the use of different constitutive models in data assimilation for slope stability
          • On the Use of the ShotCrete UDSM for Modelling Concrete
          • Piled embankments in PLAXIS 2D, 3DTunnel and PLAXIS 3D 2011
          • PLAXIS 3D Benchmark for Bearing Capacity of Suction Anchors
          • PLAXIS analysis of a basement excavation in central London
          • PLAXIS analysis of a circular slurry trench wall construction pit enclosure in Budapest
          • PLAXIS as a Tool for Soil-Structure Interaction Modelling in Performance- Based Seismic Jetty Design
          • +PLAXIS Bulletin publications
          • Practical application of the Soft Soil Creep model
          • Practice-Oriented Validation of Embedded Beam Formulations in Geotechnical Engineering
          • Prediction of soil deformations during excavation works for the renovation of “Het Nieuwe Rijksmuseum” in Amsterdam, The Netherlands
          • Remarks on site response analysis by using Plaxis dynamic module
          • Rock reinforcement modelling: cable bolts in PLAXIS 2D
          • Seabed instability and 3D FE jack-up soil-structure interaction analysis
          • Simulation of a volcano in Plaxis
          • Simulation of soil nail in large scale direct shear test
          • Simulation of Soil Nail Structures using PLAXIS 2D
          • Simulation of Soil Nail's Dynamic Pullout Response
          • Site response analysis and liquefaction evaluation
          • Small-Strain Stiffness of Soils and its Numerical Consequences
          • Soil Mechanics
          • South Toulon Tube: Numerical Back-analysis of In-situ Measurements
          • Stability Analysis of the Red River Dike: The Past to the Present
          • Stabilization of vertical cut using soil nailing
          • Staged construction of embankments on Soft Soil using Plaxis
          • Structural reliability analysis of deep excavations
          • Study on influence of deep excavations on existing tunnels using PLAXIS-GiD
          • Swell in building pits, using 3DFoundation
          • Tangiers - Mediterranean harbor
          • Temporary stability of a jacket platform during installation and influence of adjacent pug marks
          • Testing, Modelling and Numerical analysis of the mechanical behaviour of bituminous concrete
          • The Hardening Soil model: Formulation and Verification
          • The role of numerical analysis in the study of the behaviour of hard-rock pillars
          • The Use of Design Approaches with PLAXIS
          • Thermal and coupled THM analysis
          • Use of Interface Element for Simulation of Braccia Resliding on Claystone
          • Validating geotechnical finite element models (ComGeo III)
          • Validation of computational liquefaction for tailings: Tar Island slump
          • Validation of empirical formulas to derive model parameters for sands
          • Validation of PLAXIS Embedded Piles For Lateral Loading
          • Validation Report of Hoek-Brown model implemented in Plaxis
          • What is the Mechanical Impact of Water in Ground
        • +Videos - PLAXIS
      • +PLAXIS Monopile Designer
      • +PLAXIS LE
      • +SOILVISION
      • +Geotechnical SELECT Entitlements [GSE]
      • +Subscription Entitlement Service

     
     Questions about this article, topic, or product? Click here. 

    Site response analysis and liquefaction evaluation

    Application PLAXIS 2D
    Version PLAXIS 2D
    Original Author A. Laera, R. B. J. Brinkgreve
    Date created 07 October 2015
    Date modified 18 November 2016

    When an earthquake occurs, the seismic waves propagate from the source till the ground surface, causing ground shaking. The effects of an earthquake can be different, such as structural damages, landslides and soil liquefaction. In order to identify and mitigate the seismic hazards, appropriate earthquake engineering studies which involve different technical fields, such as geology, geotechnical and structural engineering, seismology are required.

    One of the aspects that needs to be taken into consideration is the modification of the earthquake characteristics when seismic waves travel through the soil deposit, that acts as a filter.

    Liquefaction

    The term liquefaction is used to describe a variety of phenomena that occurs in saturated cohesionless soils under undrained conditions. Under static and cyclic loading, dry cohesionless soils tend to densify. If these soils are saturated and the applied load acts in a short time, as in the case of an earthquake, the tendency to densify causes an increase in excess pore pressures that cannot be rapidly dissipated and consequently a decrease in the effective stresses occurs. When this happens, the soil behaves as a fluid.

    To establish if liquefaction will occur in a specific site subjected to a selected earthquake semi-empirical procedures or dynamic methods can be used. The semi-empirical procedures consist in the evaluation of a safety factor as the ratio of the cyclic shear stress required to cause liquefaction and the equivalent cyclic shear stress induced by the earthquake. The dynamic method is based on a one-dimensional wave propagation analysis in terms of effective stresses, which gives the possibility to calculate the pore pressure ratio at any depth.

    In the attached document an example is given for a dynamics analysis performed with the PLAXIS 2D finite element code, aimed at modelling the onset of liquefaction in loose cohesionless soils.
    Two different approaches, commonly used in engineering practice, are compared. First, the simplified procedure introduced by Seed & Idriss (1971) and updated by Idriss & Boulanger (2014) is carried out. The onset of liquefaction is determined by a curve which separates a liquefiable state from a non liquefiable state. This curve is built on the basis of a large number of case-histories. This approach is based on a series of coefficients that allow to "scale" the seismic event and the in situ conditions to a standard situation.

    The second approach consists of a fully dynamic analysis by means of the finite element code PLAXIS 2D. In this case, it is important to select the appropriate dynamic boundary conditions and constitutive models to reproduce the behaviour of saturated soils under cyclic loads. The results of the PLAXIS calculation are in good agreement with the results of the simplified procedure, since the onset of liquefaction is successfully modelled in all the five sand layers.

    Downloads

    • Amax=3 Amax=0.3g
    • PLAXIS Site response analysis liquefaction evaluation.pdf

    See also

    UDSM - Generalized Hardening Soil Model

    [Models]


    UBCSAND3D Model

    [Models]


    Ground response analysis

    [Publications]


    PLAXIS 2D and 3D applications in geotechnical earthquake engineering

    [Publications]

    • liquefaction
    • UBC Sand
    • Eurocode 8
    • dynamic
    • earthquake
    • Site Response
    • PLAXIS
    • dynamics
    • PLAXIS 2D
    • Share
    • History
    • More
    • Cancel
    • Micha van der Sloot Created by Bentley Colleague Micha van der Sloot
    • When: Mon, Dec 23 2019 9:38 AM
    • Micha van der Sloot Last revision by Bentley Colleague Micha van der Sloot
    • When: Tue, Dec 24 2019 6:10 AM
    • Revisions: 3
    • Comments: 0
    Recommended
    Related
    Communities
    • Home
    • Getting Started
    • Community Central
    • Products
    • Support
    • Secure File Upload
    • Feedback
    Support and Services
    • Home
    • Product Support
    • Downloads
    • Subscription Services Portal
    Training and Learning
    • Home
    • About Bentley Institute
    • My Learning History
    • Reference Books
    Social Media
    •    LinkedIn
    •    Facebook
    •    Twitter
    •    YouTube
    •    RSS Feed
    •    Email

    © 2023 Bentley Systems, Incorporated  |  Contact Us  |  Privacy |  Terms of Use  |  Cookies