<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="https://communities.bentley.com/cfs-file/__key/system/syndication/rss.xsl" media="screen"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"><channel><title>Using Start and Stop Control Structures for conduits and channels</title><link>https://communities.bentley.com/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/35057/using-start-and-stop-control-structures-for-conduits-and-channels</link><description /><dc:language>en-US</dc:language><generator>Telligent Community 12</generator><item><title>Using Start and Stop Control Structures for conduits and channels</title><link>https://communities.bentley.com/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/35057/using-start-and-stop-control-structures-for-conduits-and-channels</link><pubDate>Fri, 20 Jan 2023 14:29:34 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">6dad98f5-dbc9-4c4d-a9ba-e9da8dc6aa8e:6d73e871-6afd-4c89-a2d7-8deb2420e0ea</guid><dc:creator>Jesse Dringoli</dc:creator><comments>https://communities.bentley.com/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/35057/using-start-and-stop-control-structures-for-conduits-and-channels#comments</comments><description>Current Revision posted to OpenFlows | Water Infrastructure Wiki by Jesse Dringoli on 1/20/2023 2:29:34 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;table style="background-color:#dce5f0;border:0px solid #dce5f0;" border="0"&gt;
&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align:right;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Product(s):&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;SewerGEMS, SewerCAD, CivilStorm&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align:right;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Version(s):&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;CONNECT Edition, V8i&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align:right;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Area:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Layout and Data Input&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;Using Control Structures in the storm-sewer products&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Flow regulating structures, also known as control structures, are common in storm water drainage systems and in combined sewer systems. The most common control structures are weirs and orifices.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In SewerGEMS, CivilStorm, and SewerCAD, you can attach a control structure on a conduit as either a Start or Stop Control Structure,&amp;nbsp;referring to the end of the pipe at which the control structure is located. The latest version of SewerGEMS and CivilStorm supports both start and stop control structures for both the Implicit dynamic and the Explicit (SWMM) dynamic solvers. Control structures can also be placed on Channels.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conduit and channel control structures are treated as in-line (in series)&lt;/strong&gt;, so if you need to model a lateral/side control structure which diverts water to another location (lateral to the conduit), you will need to place a start control structure on a lateral conduit as seen in the figure below.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Weir start control structure on a lateral pipe for &lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/31551/modeling-a-side-weir-conduit-control-structure"&gt;flow diversion&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img alt=" " src="/resized-image/__size/320x240/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-32/pastedimage1619036432961v1.png" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A control structure can also have a flap gate which allows flow to travel in only one direction. Hydraulically these controls are treated as internal boundaries where the empirical weir or orifice equations are used. These equations will replace the momentum equations in the Saint Venant equations (for the Implicit solver). The continuity equation is simply the flow is the same between the upstream face and the downstream face of the internal boundary (control structure).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img alt=" " src="/resized-image/__size/1040x0/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-32/2043.control-structure.jpg" /&gt;&lt;img alt=" " src="/resized-image/__size/1040x0/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-32/control-structure1.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;Weir Control Structure&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Weirs&amp;nbsp;are classified by their flow-diversion purpose as either a side weir or a transverse weir. Side weirs or&amp;nbsp;overflow weirs are used to divert extra high flows to overflow waterways. Typically a side weir is a weir parallel to the main sewer pipe and with a high enough crest (invert) elevation to prevent any discharge of dry-weather flow, but it is also low and long enough to discharge required excess of wet weather flow. Transverse weirs or inline weirs are typically placed directly across the sewer pipe, perpendicular to the sewer flow and act like a small dam, to direct the low flow, usually dry weather flow, to diversion pipe such as dry weather flow interceptor sewer pipe. Weirs are also classified by their cross section shapes, such as rectangular, V-notch, trapezoidal, and irregular.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In the properties for the weir control structure, the &lt;em&gt;Crest Elevation&lt;/em&gt; denotes the bottom (invert) of the weir. The Structure Top Elevation is the top of the weir. In many cases, the &lt;em&gt;Structure Top Elevation&lt;/em&gt; will be the crown of the conduit, though it is possible for the Structure Top Elevation to be below this, such as in the diagram below.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img alt=" " border="0" src="/cfs-file/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-32/8625.control-structure.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If the conduit is running full or the depth is higher that the Structure Top Elevation, the flow through the weir will be treated as orifice flow.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;Orifice Control Structure&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Orifices are usually circular or rectangular openings in the wall of a tank or in a plate normal to the axis of the conduit. Orifices can be oriented in a variety of ways, such as side outlet or bottom outlet.&amp;nbsp;Orifices are treated the same as weirs to be internal boundaries except that the flow equation of an orifice is used to calculate the discharge.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are two orifice types: side outlet and bottom outlet. A &lt;strong&gt;bottom outlet&lt;/strong&gt; orifice&amp;nbsp;type refers to a drop orifice, situated parallel to the conduit flow (oriented on the bottom of the pipe) where the flow drops through it. A &lt;strong&gt;side orifice&lt;/strong&gt; type refers to a typical flow-by orifice, situated on the side of the pipe (or orifice plate at the end of the pipe). It is important to note that in both cases, the flow through the orifice is routed to the adjacent conduit. Meaning, it is always in-line (in series) with the next conduit. See further above for how to model a case where the flow through the orifice is routed lateral to the pipe and diverted to another location.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;Depth-Flow Control Structure&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Depth-Flow control structure allows you to enter a table to define what the flow will be at a given depth in the conduit. This can be useful if you want a greater level of control on the output of the control structure rather than relying on the weir or orifice equation. You can also model vortex valves in this way, but copy/pasting the vortex valve table data. (or use a pond with pond outlet node to utilize the Vortex Valve pond outlet component feature).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;The&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;Crest Elevation&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;denotes the bottom (invert) of the depth-flow curve. Meaning, it is the datum above which the rating curve elevations are added. For example if the crest elevation is set to 100 feet, a value of 10 feet in the Depth column of the Depth-flow curve represents an elevation of 110 feet (100 + 10).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;Functional Control Structure&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Functional control structure lets you select a structure type, which defines the equation that is used in the calculation of the flow. You will also define a set of coefficients and exponents to aid in the calculation.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;Numerical Stability&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Using a start control structure tends to be more stable than a stop control structure. If a stop control structure must be used and you&amp;#39;re experiencing problems with the results, try increasing the LPI Coefficient (in the calculation options for the Implicit solver) to a maximum of 12 (note that this may have an adverse impact on stability requiring other calculation option changes)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use a smaller calculation timestep in cases where a large change in flow can occur with a small change in head, such as when using a weir.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Significant backwater/tailwater effect against a conduit control structure can be challenging to solve.&amp;nbsp;A very small calculation timestep may be necessary, the Explicit (SWMM) solver may need to be used (with a very small Routing Step).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;In especially challenging situations, consider using an approximate pond (representing the ponded area upstream of the control) with pond outlet structure, which might work better in some situations.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;Supported Control Structures Per Numerical Solver&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For more on the differences between solvers, see &lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/11852/differences-between-solvers-gvf-convex-vs-gvf-rational-vs-implicit-vs-explicit-swmm"&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;Implicit (Dynamic Wave)&lt;/strong&gt; solver can model conduits and channels with&amp;nbsp;start and/or stop control structure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;Explicit (SWMM)&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;span&gt;solver can model conduits and channels with&amp;nbsp;start and/or stop control structure. (older versions only supported start control structures)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;GVF-Convex&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;(SewerCAD) solver can model conduits and channels with a start and/or stop control structure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;GVF-Rational&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;(StormCAD) solver can &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; model conduit/channel control structures.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;See Also&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/28546/using-swmm-control-sets-in-sewergems-and-civilstorm"&gt;Using SWMM Control Sets in SewerGEMS and CivilStorm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/26170/modeling-gate-valve-opening-and-closing-based-on-pressure-transducer-reading"&gt;Modeling gate valve opening and closing based on pressure transducer reading&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/11852.differences-between-solvers-gvf-convex-vs-gvf-rational-vs-implicit-vs-explicit-swmm"&gt;Differences between solvers: GVF-Convex vs. GVF-Rational vs. Implicit vs. Explicit (SWMM)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/30532.modeling-a-weir-within-a-catch-basin-or-manhole"&gt;Modeling a weir within a catch basin or manhole&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/15556/user-notification-conduit-has-a-stop-control-structure-but-this-is-not-supported-next-to-the-connected-outfall-element"&gt;User notification: &amp;quot;Conduit has a Stop control structure, but this is not supported next to the connected outfall element.&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style="font-size: 90%;"&gt;Tags: Reviewed2020, control structure, Conduit, solver, SewerGEMS, start control structure, stop control structure, SewerCAD, Channel, CivilStorm&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>Using Start and Stop Control Structures for conduits and channels</title><link>https://communities.bentley.com/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/35057/using-start-and-stop-control-structures-for-conduits-and-channels/revision/15</link><pubDate>Wed, 13 Apr 2022 22:43:16 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">6dad98f5-dbc9-4c4d-a9ba-e9da8dc6aa8e:6d73e871-6afd-4c89-a2d7-8deb2420e0ea</guid><dc:creator>Jesse Dringoli</dc:creator><comments>https://communities.bentley.com/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/35057/using-start-and-stop-control-structures-for-conduits-and-channels#comments</comments><description>Revision 15 posted to OpenFlows | Water Infrastructure Wiki by Jesse Dringoli on 4/13/2022 10:43:16 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;table style="background-color:#dce5f0;border:0px solid #dce5f0;" border="0"&gt;
&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align:right;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Product(s):&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;SewerGEMS, SewerCAD, CivilStorm&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align:right;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Version(s):&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;CONNECT Edition, V8i&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align:right;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Area:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Layout and Data Input&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;Using Control Structures in the storm-sewer products&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Flow regulating structures, also known as control structures, are common in storm water drainage systems and in combined sewer systems. The most common control structures are weirs and orifices.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In SewerGEMS, CivilStorm, and SewerCAD, you can attach a control structure on a conduit as either a Start or Stop Control Structure,&amp;nbsp;referring to the end of the pipe at which the control structure is located. The latest version of SewerGEMS and CivilStorm supports both start and stop control structures for both the Implicit dynamic and the Explicit (SWMM) dynamic solvers. Control structures can also be placed on Channels.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conduit and channel control structures are treated as in-line (in series)&lt;/strong&gt;, so if you need to model a lateral/side control structure which diverts water to another location (lateral to the conduit), you will need to place a start control structure on a lateral conduit as seen in the figure below.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Weir start control structure on a lateral pipe for &lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/31551/modeling-a-side-weir-conduit-control-structure"&gt;flow diversion&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img alt=" " src="/resized-image/__size/320x240/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-32/pastedimage1619036432961v1.png" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A control structure can also have a flap gate which allows flow to travel in only one direction. Hydraulically these controls are treated as internal boundaries where the empirical weir or orifice equations are used. These equations will replace the momentum equations in the Saint Venant equations (for the Implicit solver). The continuity equation is simply the flow is the same between the upstream face and the downstream face of the internal boundary (control structure).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img alt=" " src="/resized-image/__size/1040x0/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-32/2043.control-structure.jpg" /&gt;&lt;img alt=" " src="/resized-image/__size/1040x0/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-32/control-structure1.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;Weir Control Structure&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Weirs&amp;nbsp;are classified by their flow-diversion purpose as either a side weir or a transverse weir. Side weirs or&amp;nbsp;overflow weirs are used to divert extra high flows to overflow waterways. Typically a side weir is a weir parallel to the main sewer pipe and with enough high crest elevation to prevent any discharge of dry-weather flow, but it is also low and long enough to discharge required excess of wet weather flow. Transverse weirs or inline weirs are typically placed directly across the sewer pipe, perpendicular to the sewer flow and act like a small dam, to direct the low flow, usually dry weather flow, to diversion pipe such as dry weather flow interceptor sewer pipe. Weirs are also classified by their cross section shapes, such as rectangular, V-notch, trapezoidal, and irregular.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In the properties for the weir control structure, the &lt;em&gt;Crest Elevation&lt;/em&gt; denotes the top of the weir. The Structure Top Elevation is the top of the weir. In many cases, the &lt;em&gt;Structure Top Elevation&lt;/em&gt; will be the crown of the conduit, though it is possible for the Structure Top Elevation to be below this, such as in the diagram below.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img alt=" " border="0" src="/cfs-file/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-32/8625.control-structure.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If the conduit is running full or the depth is higher that the Structure Top Elevation, the flow through the weir will be treated as orifice flow.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;Orifice Control Structure&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Orifices are usually circular or rectangular openings in the wall of a tank or in a plate normal to the axis of the conduit. Orifices can be oriented in a variety of ways, such as side outlet or bottom outlet.&amp;nbsp;Orifices are treated the same as weirs to be internal boundaries except that the flow equation of an orifice is used to calculate the discharge.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are two orifice types: side outlet and bottom outlet. A &lt;strong&gt;bottom outlet&lt;/strong&gt; orifice&amp;nbsp;type refers to a drop orifice, situated parallel to the conduit flow (oriented on the bottom of the pipe) where the flow drops through it. A &lt;strong&gt;side orifice&lt;/strong&gt; type refers to a typical flow-by orifice, situated on the side of the pipe (or orifice plate at the end of the pipe). It is important to note that in both cases, the flow through the orifice is routed to the adjacent conduit. Meaning, it is always in-line (in series) with the next conduit. See further above for how to model a case where the flow through the orifice is routed lateral to the pipe and diverted to another location.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;Depth-Flow Control Structure&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Depth-Flow control structure allows you to enter a table to define what the flow will be at a given depth in the conduit. This can be useful if you want a greater level of control on the output of the control structure rather than relying on the weir or orifice equation. You can also model vortex valves in this way, but copy/pasting the vortex valve table data.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;Functional Control Structure&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Functional control structure lets you select a structure type, which defines the equation that is used in the calculation of the flow. You will also define a set of coefficients and exponents to aid in the calculation.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;Numerical Stability&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Using a start control structure tends to be more stable than a stop control structure. If a stop control structure must be used and you&amp;#39;re experiencing problems with the results, try increasing the LPI Coefficient (in the calculation options for the Implicit solver) to a maximum of 12 (note that this may have an adverse impact on stability requiring other calculation option changes)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use a smaller calculation timestep in cases where a large change in flow can occur with a small change in head, such as when using a weir.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Significant backwater/tailwater effect against a conduit control structure can be challenging to solve.&amp;nbsp;A very small calculation timestep may be necessary, the Explicit (SWMM) solver may need to be used (with a very small Routing Step).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;In especially challenging situations, consider using an approximate pond (representing the ponded area upstream of the control) with pond outlet structure, which might work better in some situations.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;Supported Control Structures Per Numerical Solver&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For more on the differences between solvers, see &lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/11852/differences-between-solvers-gvf-convex-vs-gvf-rational-vs-implicit-vs-explicit-swmm"&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;Implicit (Dynamic Wave)&lt;/strong&gt; solver can model conduits and channels with&amp;nbsp;start and/or stop control structure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;Explicit (SWMM)&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;span&gt;solver can model conduits and channels with&amp;nbsp;start and/or stop control structure. (older versions only supported start control structures)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;GVF-Convex&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;(SewerCAD) solver can model conduits and channels with a start and/or stop control structure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;GVF-Rational&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;(StormCAD) solver can &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; model conduit/channel control structures.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;See Also&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/28546/using-swmm-control-sets-in-sewergems-and-civilstorm"&gt;Using SWMM Control Sets in SewerGEMS and CivilStorm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/26170/modeling-gate-valve-opening-and-closing-based-on-pressure-transducer-reading"&gt;Modeling gate valve opening and closing based on pressure transducer reading&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/11852.differences-between-solvers-gvf-convex-vs-gvf-rational-vs-implicit-vs-explicit-swmm"&gt;Differences between solvers: GVF-Convex vs. GVF-Rational vs. Implicit vs. Explicit (SWMM)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/30532.modeling-a-weir-within-a-catch-basin-or-manhole"&gt;Modeling a weir within a catch basin or manhole&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/15556/user-notification-conduit-has-a-stop-control-structure-but-this-is-not-supported-next-to-the-connected-outfall-element"&gt;User notification: &amp;quot;Conduit has a Stop control structure, but this is not supported next to the connected outfall element.&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style="font-size: 90%;"&gt;Tags: Reviewed2020, control structure, Conduit, solver, SewerGEMS, start control structure, stop control structure, SewerCAD, Channel, CivilStorm&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>Using Start and Stop Control Structures for conduits and channels</title><link>https://communities.bentley.com/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/35057/using-start-and-stop-control-structures-for-conduits-and-channels/revision/14</link><pubDate>Wed, 13 Apr 2022 20:07:53 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">6dad98f5-dbc9-4c4d-a9ba-e9da8dc6aa8e:6d73e871-6afd-4c89-a2d7-8deb2420e0ea</guid><dc:creator>Scott Kampa</dc:creator><comments>https://communities.bentley.com/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/35057/using-start-and-stop-control-structures-for-conduits-and-channels#comments</comments><description>Revision 14 posted to OpenFlows | Water Infrastructure Wiki by Scott Kampa on 4/13/2022 8:07:53 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;table style="background-color:#dce5f0;border:0px solid #dce5f0;" border="0"&gt;
&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align:right;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Product(s):&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;SewerGEMS, SewerCAD, CivilStorm&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align:right;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Version(s):&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;CONNECT Edition, V8i&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align:right;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Area:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Layout and Data Input&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;Using Control Structures in the storm-sewer products&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Flow regulating structures, also known as control structures, are common in storm water drainage systems and in combined sewer systems. The most common control structures are weirs and orifices.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In SewerGEMS, CivilStorm, and SewerCAD, you can attach a control structure on a conduit as either a Start or Stop Control Structure,&amp;nbsp;referring to the end of the pipe at which the control structure is located. The latest version of SewerGEMS and CivilStorm supports both start and stop control structures for both the Implicit dynamic and the Explicit (SWMM) dynamic solvers. Control structures can also be placed on Channels.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Conduit and channel control structures are treated as in-line (in series), so if you need to model a lateral/side control structure which diverts water to another location, you will need to place a start control structure on a lateral conduit as seen in the figure below.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Weir start control structure on a lateral pipe for &lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/31551/modeling-a-side-weir-conduit-control-structure"&gt;flow diversion&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img alt=" " src="/resized-image/__size/320x240/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-32/pastedimage1619036432961v1.png" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A control structure can also have a flap gate which allows flow to travel in only one direction. Hydraulically these controls are treated as internal boundaries where the empirical weir or orifice equations are used. These equations will replace the momentum equations in the Saint Venant equations (for the Implicit solver). The continuity equation is simply the flow is the same between the upstream face and the downstream face of the internal boundary (control structure).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img alt=" " src="/resized-image/__size/1040x0/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-32/2043.control-structure.jpg" /&gt;&lt;img alt=" " src="/resized-image/__size/1040x0/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-32/control-structure1.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;Weir Control Structure&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Weirs&amp;nbsp;are classified by their flow-diversion purpose as either a side weir or a transverse weir. Side weirs or&amp;nbsp;overflow weirs are used to divert extra high flows to overflow waterways. Typically a side weir is a weir parallel to the main sewer pipe and with enough high crest elevation to prevent any discharge of dry-weather flow, but it is also low and long enough to discharge required excess of wet weather flow. Transverse weirs or inline weirs are typically placed directly across the sewer pipe, perpendicular to the sewer flow and act like a small dam, to direct the low flow, usually dry weather flow, to diversion pipe such as dry weather flow interceptor sewer pipe. Weirs are also classified by their cross section shapes, such as rectangular, V-notch, trapezoidal, and irregular.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In the properties for the weir control structure, the &lt;em&gt;Crest Elevation&lt;/em&gt; denotes the top of the weir. The Structure Top Elevation is the top of the weir. In many cases, the &lt;em&gt;Structure Top Elevation&lt;/em&gt; will be the crown of the conduit, though it is possible for the Structure Top Elevation to be below this, such as in the diagram below.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img alt=" " border="0" src="/cfs-file/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-32/8625.control-structure.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If the conduit is running full or the depth is higher that the Structure Top Elevation, the flow through the weir will be treated as orifice flow.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;Orifice Control Structure&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Orifices are usually circular or rectangular openings in the wall of a tank or in a plate normal to the axis of the conduit. Orifices can be oriented in a variety of ways, such as side outlet or bottom outlet.&amp;nbsp;Orifices are treated the same as weirs to be internal boundaries except that the flow equation of an orifice is used to calculate the discharge.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are two orifice types: side outlet and bottom outlet. A bottom outlet orifice&amp;nbsp;type refers to a drop orifice, where the flow drops through it. A side orifice type refers to a typical flow-by orifice.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;Depth-Flow Control Structure&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Depth-Flow control structure allows you to enter a table to define what the flow will be at a given depth in the conduit. This can be useful if you want a greater level of control on the output of the control structure rather than relying on the weir or orifice equation. You can also model vortex valves in this way, but copy/pasting the vortex valve table data.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;Functional Control Structure&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Functional control structure lets you select a structure type, which defines the equation that is used in the calculation of the flow. You will also define a set of coefficients and exponents to aid in the calculation.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;Numerical Stability&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Using a start control structure tends to be more stable than a stop control structure. If a stop control structure must be used and you&amp;#39;re experiencing problems with the results, try increasing the LPI Coefficient (in the calculation options for the Implicit solver) to a maximum of 12 (note that this may have an adverse impact on stability requiring other calculation option changes)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use a smaller calculation timestep in cases where a large change in flow can occur with a small change in head, such as when using a weir.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Significant backwater/tailwater effect against a conduit control structure can be challenging to solve.&amp;nbsp;A very small calculation timestep may be necessary, the Explicit (SWMM) solver may need to be used (with a very small Routing Step).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;In especially challenging situations, consider using an approximate pond (representing the ponded area upstream of the control) with pond outlet structure, which might work better in some situations.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;Supported Control Structures Per Numerical Solver&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For more on the differences between solvers, see &lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/11852/differences-between-solvers-gvf-convex-vs-gvf-rational-vs-implicit-vs-explicit-swmm"&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;Implicit (Dynamic Wave)&lt;/strong&gt; solver can model conduits and channels with&amp;nbsp;start and/or stop control structure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;Explicit (SWMM)&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;span&gt;solver can model conduits and channels with&amp;nbsp;start and/or stop control structure. (older versions only supported start control structures)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;GVF-Convex&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;(SewerCAD) solver can model conduits and channels with a start and/or stop control structure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;GVF-Rational&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;(StormCAD) solver can &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; model conduit/channel control structures.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;See Also&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/28546/using-swmm-control-sets-in-sewergems-and-civilstorm"&gt;Using SWMM Control Sets in SewerGEMS and CivilStorm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/26170/modeling-gate-valve-opening-and-closing-based-on-pressure-transducer-reading"&gt;Modeling gate valve opening and closing based on pressure transducer reading&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/11852.differences-between-solvers-gvf-convex-vs-gvf-rational-vs-implicit-vs-explicit-swmm"&gt;Differences between solvers: GVF-Convex vs. GVF-Rational vs. Implicit vs. Explicit (SWMM)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/30532.modeling-a-weir-within-a-catch-basin-or-manhole"&gt;Modeling a weir within a catch basin or manhole&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/15556/user-notification-conduit-has-a-stop-control-structure-but-this-is-not-supported-next-to-the-connected-outfall-element"&gt;User notification: &amp;quot;Conduit has a Stop control structure, but this is not supported next to the connected outfall element.&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style="font-size: 90%;"&gt;Tags: Reviewed2020, control structure, Conduit, solver, SewerGEMS, start control structure, stop control structure, SewerCAD, Channel, CivilStorm&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>Using Start and Stop Control Structures for conduits and channels</title><link>https://communities.bentley.com/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/35057/using-start-and-stop-control-structures-for-conduits-and-channels/revision/13</link><pubDate>Thu, 29 Apr 2021 17:10:13 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">6dad98f5-dbc9-4c4d-a9ba-e9da8dc6aa8e:6d73e871-6afd-4c89-a2d7-8deb2420e0ea</guid><dc:creator>Jesse Dringoli</dc:creator><comments>https://communities.bentley.com/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/35057/using-start-and-stop-control-structures-for-conduits-and-channels#comments</comments><description>Revision 13 posted to OpenFlows | Water Infrastructure Wiki by Jesse Dringoli on 4/29/2021 5:10:13 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;table style="background-color:#dce5f0;border:0px solid #dce5f0;" border="0"&gt;
&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align:right;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Product(s):&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;SewerGEMS, SewerCAD, CivilStorm&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align:right;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Version(s):&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;CONNECT Edition, V8i&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align:right;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Area:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Layout and Data Input&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;Using Control Structures in the storm-sewer products&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Flow regulating structures, also known as control structures, are common in storm water drainage systems and in combined sewer systems. The most common control structures are weirs and orifices.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In SewerGEMS, CivilStorm, and SewerCAD, you can attach a control structure on a conduit as either a Start or Stop Control Structure,&amp;nbsp;referring to the end of the pipe at which the control structure is located. The latest version of SewerGEMS and CivilStorm supports both start and stop control structures for both the Implicit dynamic and the Explicit (SWMM) dynamic solvers. Control structures can also be placed on Channels.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Conduit and channel control structures are treated as in-line (in series), so if you need to model a lateral/side control structure which diverts water to another location, you will need to place a start control structure on a lateral conduit as seen in the figure below.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Weir start control structure on a lateral pipe for &lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/31551/modeling-a-side-weir-conduit-control-structure"&gt;flow diversion&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img alt=" " src="/resized-image/__size/320x240/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-32/pastedimage1619036432961v1.png" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A control structure can also have a flap gate which allows flow to travel in only one direction. Hydraulically these controls are treated as internal boundaries where the empirical weir or orifice equations are used. These equations will replace the momentum equations in the Saint Venant equations (for the Implicit solver). The continuity equation is simply the flow is the same between the upstream face and the downstream face of the internal boundary (control structure).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img alt=" " src="/resized-image/__size/1040x0/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-32/2043.control-structure.jpg" /&gt;&lt;img alt=" " src="/resized-image/__size/1040x0/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-32/control-structure1.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;Weir Control Structure&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Weirs&amp;nbsp;are classified by their flow-diversion purpose as either a side weir or a transverse weir. Side weirs or&amp;nbsp;overflow weirs are used to divert extra high flows to overflow waterways. Typically a side weir is a weir parallel to the main sewer pipe and with enough high crest elevation to prevent any discharge of dry-weather flow, but it is also low and long enough to discharge required excess of wet weather flow. Transverse weirs or inline weirs are typically placed directly across the sewer pipe, perpendicular to the sewer flow and act like a small dam, to direct the low flow, usually dry weather flow, to diversion pipe such as dry weather flow interceptor sewer pipe. Weirs are also classified by their cross section shapes, such as rectangular, V-notch, trapezoidal, and irregular.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In the properties for the weir control structure, the &lt;em&gt;Crest Elevation&lt;/em&gt; denotes the top of the weir. The Structure Top Elevation is the top of the weir. In many cases, the &lt;em&gt;Structure Top Elevation&lt;/em&gt; will be the crown of the conduit, though it is possible for the Structure Top Elevation to be below this, such as in the diagram below.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img alt=" " border="0" src="/cfs-file/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-32/8625.control-structure.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If the conduit is running full or the depth is higher that the Structure Top Elevation, the flow through the weir will be treated as orifice flow.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;Orifice Control Structure&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Orifices are usually circular or rectangular openings in the wall of a tank or in a plate normal to the axis of the conduit. Orifices can be oriented in a variety of ways, such as side outlet or bottom outlet.&amp;nbsp;Orifices are treated the same as weirs to be internal boundaries except that the flow equation of an orifice is used to calculate the discharge.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;Depth-Flow Control Structure&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Depth-Flow control structure allows you to enter a table to define what the flow will be at a given depth in the conduit. This can be useful if you want a greater level of control on the output of the control structure rather than relying on the weir or orifice equation. You can also model vortex valves in this way, but copy/pasting the vortex valve table data.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;Functional Control Structure&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Functional control structure lets you select a structure type, which defines the equation that is used in the calculation of the flow. You will also define a set of coefficients and exponents to aid in the calculation.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;Numerical Stability&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Using a start control structure tends to be more stable than a stop control structure. If a stop control structure must be used and you&amp;#39;re experiencing problems with the results, try increasing the LPI Coefficient (in the calculation options for the Implicit solver) to a maximum of 12 (note that this may have an adverse impact on stability requiring other calculation option changes)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use a smaller calculation timestep in cases where a large change in flow can occur with a small change in head, such as when using a weir.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Significant backwater/tailwater effect against a conduit control structure can be challenging to solve.&amp;nbsp;A very small calculation timestep may be necessary, the Explicit (SWMM) solver may need to be used (with a very small Routing Step).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;In especially challenging situations, consider using an approximate pond (representing the ponded area upstream of the control) with pond outlet structure, which might work better in some situations.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;Supported Control Structures Per Numerical Solver&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For more on the differences between solvers, see &lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/11852/differences-between-solvers-gvf-convex-vs-gvf-rational-vs-implicit-vs-explicit-swmm"&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;Implicit (Dynamic Wave)&lt;/strong&gt; solver can model conduits and channels with&amp;nbsp;start and/or stop control structure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;Explicit (SWMM)&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;span&gt;solver can model conduits and channels with&amp;nbsp;start and/or stop control structure. (older versions only supported start control structures)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;GVF-Convex&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;(SewerCAD) solver can model conduits and channels with a start and/or stop control structure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;GVF-Rational&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;(StormCAD) solver can &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; model conduit/channel control structures.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;See Also&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/28546/using-swmm-control-sets-in-sewergems-and-civilstorm"&gt;Using SWMM Control Sets in SewerGEMS and CivilStorm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/26170/modeling-gate-valve-opening-and-closing-based-on-pressure-transducer-reading"&gt;Modeling gate valve opening and closing based on pressure transducer reading&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/11852.differences-between-solvers-gvf-convex-vs-gvf-rational-vs-implicit-vs-explicit-swmm"&gt;Differences between solvers: GVF-Convex vs. GVF-Rational vs. Implicit vs. Explicit (SWMM)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/30532.modeling-a-weir-within-a-catch-basin-or-manhole"&gt;Modeling a weir within a catch basin or manhole&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/15556/user-notification-conduit-has-a-stop-control-structure-but-this-is-not-supported-next-to-the-connected-outfall-element"&gt;User notification: &amp;quot;Conduit has a Stop control structure, but this is not supported next to the connected outfall element.&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style="font-size: 90%;"&gt;Tags: Reviewed2020, control structure, Conduit, solver, SewerGEMS, start control structure, stop control structure, SewerCAD, Channel, CivilStorm&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>Conduit start and stop control structures</title><link>https://communities.bentley.com/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/35057/using-start-and-stop-control-structures-for-conduits-and-channels/revision/12</link><pubDate>Wed, 21 Apr 2021 20:22:21 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">6dad98f5-dbc9-4c4d-a9ba-e9da8dc6aa8e:6d73e871-6afd-4c89-a2d7-8deb2420e0ea</guid><dc:creator>Jesse Dringoli</dc:creator><comments>https://communities.bentley.com/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/35057/using-start-and-stop-control-structures-for-conduits-and-channels#comments</comments><description>Revision 12 posted to OpenFlows | Water Infrastructure Wiki by Jesse Dringoli on 4/21/2021 8:22:21 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;table style="background-color:#dce5f0;border:0px solid #dce5f0;" border="0"&gt;
&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align:right;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Product(s):&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;SewerGEMS, SewerCAD, CivilStorm&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align:right;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Version(s):&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;CONNECT Edition, V8i&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align:right;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Area:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Layout and Data Input&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;Using&amp;nbsp;conduit control structures in the storm-sewer products&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Flow regulating structures, also known as control structures, are common in storm water drainage systems and in combined sewer systems. The most common control structures are weirs and orifices.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In SewerGEMS, CivilStorm, and SewerCAD, you can attach a control structure on a conduit as either a Start or Stop Control Structure,&amp;nbsp;referring to the end of the pipe at which the control structure is located. The latest version of SewerGEMS and CivilStorm supports both start and stop control structures for both the Implicit dynamic and the Explicit (SWMM) dynamic solvers.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Conduit control structures are treated as in-line (in series), so if you need to model a lateral/side control structure which diverts water to another location, you will need to place a a start control structure on a lateral conduit as seen in the figure below.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Weir start control structure on a lateral pipe for &lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/31551/modeling-a-side-weir-conduit-control-structure"&gt;flow diversion&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="/resized-image/__size/320x240/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-32/pastedimage1619036432961v1.png" alt=" " /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A control structure can also have a flap gate which allows flow to travel in only one direction. Hydraulically these controls are treated as internal boundaries where the empirical weir or orifice equations are used. These equations will replace the momentum equations in the Saint Venant equations (for the Implicit solver). The continuity equation is simply the flow is the same between the upstream face and the downstream face of the internal boundary (control structure).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img alt=" " src="/resized-image/__size/1040x0/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-32/2043.control-structure.jpg" /&gt;&lt;img alt=" " src="/resized-image/__size/1040x0/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-32/control-structure1.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;Weir Control Structure&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Weirs&amp;nbsp;are classified by their flow-diversion purpose as either a side weir or a transverse weir. Side weirs or&amp;nbsp;overflow weirs are used to divert extra high flows to overflow waterways. Typically a side weir is a weir parallel to the main sewer pipe and with enough high crest elevation to prevent any discharge of dry-weather flow, but it is also low and long enough to discharge required excess of wet weather flow. Transverse weirs or inline weirs are typically placed directly across the sewer pipe, perpendicular to the sewer flow and act like a small dam, to direct the low flow, usually dry weather flow, to diversion pipe such as dry weather flow interceptor sewer pipe. Weirs are also classified by their cross section shapes, such as rectangular, V-notch, trapezoidal, and irregular.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In the properties for the weir control structure, the &lt;em&gt;Crest Elevation&lt;/em&gt; denotes the top of the weir. The Structure Top Elevation is the top of the weir. In many cases, the &lt;em&gt;Structure Top Elevation&lt;/em&gt; will be the crown of the conduit, though it is possible for the Structure Top Elevation to be below this, such as in the diagram below.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img alt=" " border="0" src="/cfs-file/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-32/8625.control-structure.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If the conduit is running full or the depth is higher that the Structure Top Elevation, the flow through the weir will be treated as orifice flow.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;Orifice Control Structure&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Orifices are usually circular or rectangular openings in the wall of a tank or in a plate normal to the axis of the conduit. Orifices can be oriented in a variety of ways, such as side outlet or bottom outlet.&amp;nbsp;Orifices are treated the same as weirs to be internal boundaries except that the flow equation of an orifice is used to calculate the discharge.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;Depth-Flow Control Structure&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Depth-Flow control structure allows you to enter a table to define what the flow will be at a given depth in the conduit. This can be useful if you want a greater level of control on the output of the control structure rather than relying on the weir or orifice equation. You can also model vortex valves in this way, but copy/pasting the vortex valve table data.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;Functional Control Structure&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Functional control structure lets you select a structure type, which defines the equation that is used in the calculation of the flow. You will also define a set of coefficients and exponents to aid in the calculation.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;Numerical Stability&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Using a start control structure tends to be more stable than a stop control structure. If a stop control structure must be used and you&amp;#39;re experiencing problems with the results, try increasing the LPI Coefficient (in the calculation options for the Implicit solver) to a maximum of 12 (note that this may have an adverse impact on stability requiring other calculation option changes)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use a smaller calculation timestep in cases where a large change in flow can occur with a small change in head, such as when using a weir.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Significant backwater/tailwater effect against a conduit control structure can be challenging to solve.&amp;nbsp;A very small calculation timestep may be necessary, the Explicit (SWMM) solver may need to be used (with a very small Routing Step).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;In especially challenging situations, consider using an approximate pond (representing the ponded area upstream of the control) with pond outlet structure, which might work better in some situations.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;Supported Control Structures Per Numerical Solver&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For more on the differences between solvers, see &lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/11852/differences-between-solvers-gvf-convex-vs-gvf-rational-vs-implicit-vs-explicit-swmm"&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;Implicit (Dynamic Wave)&lt;/strong&gt; solver can model conduits with&amp;nbsp;start and/or stop control structure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;Explicit (SWMM)&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;span&gt;solver can model conduits with&amp;nbsp;start and/or stop control structure. (older versions only supported start control structures)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;GVF-Convex&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;(SewerCAD) solver can model conduits with a start and/or stop control structure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;GVF-Rational&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;(StormCAD) solver can &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; model conduit control structures.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;See Also&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/28546/using-swmm-control-sets-in-sewergems-and-civilstorm"&gt;Using SWMM Control Sets in SewerGEMS and CivilStorm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/26170/modeling-gate-valve-opening-and-closing-based-on-pressure-transducer-reading"&gt;Modeling gate valve opening and closing based on pressure transducer reading&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/11852.differences-between-solvers-gvf-convex-vs-gvf-rational-vs-implicit-vs-explicit-swmm"&gt;Differences between solvers: GVF-Convex vs. GVF-Rational vs. Implicit vs. Explicit (SWMM)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/30532.modeling-a-weir-within-a-catch-basin-or-manhole"&gt;Modeling a weir within a catch basin or manhole&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/15556/user-notification-conduit-has-a-stop-control-structure-but-this-is-not-supported-next-to-the-connected-outfall-element"&gt;User notification: &amp;quot;Conduit has a Stop control structure, but this is not supported next to the connected outfall element.&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style="font-size: 90%;"&gt;Tags: Reviewed2020, control structure, Conduit, solver, SewerGEMS, start control structure, stop control structure, SewerCAD, CivilStorm&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>Conduit start and stop control structures</title><link>https://communities.bentley.com/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/35057/using-start-and-stop-control-structures-for-conduits-and-channels/revision/11</link><pubDate>Fri, 09 Oct 2020 19:41:43 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">6dad98f5-dbc9-4c4d-a9ba-e9da8dc6aa8e:6d73e871-6afd-4c89-a2d7-8deb2420e0ea</guid><dc:creator>Scott Kampa</dc:creator><comments>https://communities.bentley.com/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/35057/using-start-and-stop-control-structures-for-conduits-and-channels#comments</comments><description>Revision 11 posted to OpenFlows | Water Infrastructure Wiki by Scott Kampa on 10/9/2020 7:41:43 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;table style="background-color:#dce5f0;border:0px solid #dce5f0;" border="0"&gt;
&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align:right;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Product(s):&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;SewerGEMS, SewerCAD, CivilStorm&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align:right;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Version(s):&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;CONNECT Edition, V8i&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align:right;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Area:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Layout and Data Input&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;Using&amp;nbsp;conduit control structures in the storm-sewer products&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Flow regulating structures, also known as control structures, are common in storm water drainage systems and in combined sewer systems. The most common control structures are weirs and orifices.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In SewerGEMS, CivilStorm, and SewerCAD, you can attach a control structure on a conduit as either a Start or Stop Control Structure, with the exception of the Explicit solver, which only supports a Start Control Structure. Conduit control structures are treated as in-line (in series), so if you need&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A control structure can also have a flap gate which allows flow to travel in only one direction. Hydraulically these controls are treated as internal boundaries where the empirical weir or orifice equations are used. These equations will replace the momentum equations in the Saint Venant equations (for the Implicit solver). The continuity equation is simply the flow is the same between the upstream face and the downstream face of the internal boundary (control structure).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img alt=" " src="/resized-image/__size/1040x0/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-32/2043.control-structure.jpg" /&gt;&lt;img alt=" " src="/resized-image/__size/1040x0/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-32/control-structure1.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Control structures are commonly weirs or orifices.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;Weir Control Structure&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Weirs&amp;nbsp;are classified by their flow-diversion purpose as either a side weir or a transverse weir. Side weirs or&amp;nbsp;overflow weirs are used to divert extra high flows to overflow waterways. Typically a side weir is a weir parallel to the main sewer pipe and with enough high crest elevation to prevent any discharge of dry-weather flow, but it is also low and long enough to discharge required excess of wet weather flow. Transverse weirs or inline weirs are typically placed directly across the sewer pipe, perpendicular to the sewer flow and act like a small dam, to direct the low flow, usually dry weather flow, to diversion pipe such as dry weather flow interceptor sewer pipe. Weirs are also classified by their cross section shapes, such as rectangular, V-notch, trapezoidal, and irregular.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In the properties for the weir control structure, the &lt;em&gt;Crest Elevation&lt;/em&gt; denotes the top of the weir. The Structure Top Elevation is the top of the weir. In many cases, the &lt;em&gt;Structure Top Elevation&lt;/em&gt; will be the crown of the conduit, though it is possible for the Structure Top Elevation to be below this, such as in the diagram below.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img alt=" " border="0" src="/cfs-file/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-32/8625.control-structure.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If the conduit is running full or the depth is higher that the Structure Top Elevation, the flow through the weir will be treated as orifice flow.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Weir start control structure on a lateral pipe for &lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/31551/modeling-a-side-weir-conduit-control-structure"&gt;flow diversion&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img alt=" " src="/resized-image/__size/200x0/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-32/sidecontrol.png" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;Orifice Control Structure&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Orifices are usually circular or rectangular openings in the wall of a tank or in a plate normal to the axis of the conduit. Orifices can be oriented in a variety of ways, such as side outlet or bottom outlet.&amp;nbsp;Orifices are treated the same as weirs to be internal boundaries except that the flow equation of an orifice is used to calculate the discharge.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;Depth-Flow Control Structure&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Depth-Flow control structure allows you to enter a table to define what the flow will be at a given depth in the conduit. This can be useful if you want a greater level of control on the output of the control structure rather than relying on the weir or orifice equation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:150%;"&gt;Functional Control Structure&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Functional control structure lets you select a structure type, which defines the equation that is used in the calculation of the flow. You will also define a set of coefficients and exponents to aid in the calculation.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;Numerical Stability&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Using a start control structure tends to be more stable than a stop control structure. If a stop control structure must be used and you&amp;#39;re experiencing problems with the results, try increasing the LPI Coefficient (in the calculation options for the Implicit solver) to a maximum of 12 (note that this may have an adverse impact on stability requiring other calculation option changes)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use a smaller calculation timestep in cases where a large change in flow can occur with a small change in head, such as when using a weir.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Significant backwater/tailwater effect against a conduit control structure can be challenging to solve.&amp;nbsp;A very small calculation timestep may be necessary, the Explicit (SWMM) solver may need to be used (with a very small Routing Step).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;In especially challenging situations, consider using an approximate pond (representing the ponded area upstream of the control) with pond outlet structure, which might work better in some situations.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;Supported Control Structures Per Numerical Solver&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For more on the differences between solvers, see &lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/11852/differences-between-solvers-gvf-convex-vs-gvf-rational-vs-implicit-vs-explicit-swmm"&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;Implicit (Dynamic Wave)&lt;/strong&gt; solver can model conduits with&amp;nbsp;start and/or stop control structure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;Explicit (SWMM)&lt;/strong&gt; solver can model conduits with a start control structure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;GVF-Convex&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;(SewerCAD) solver can model conduits with a start and/or stop control structure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;GVF-Rational&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;(StormCAD) solver can &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; model conduit control structures.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;See Also&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/28546/using-swmm-control-sets-in-sewergems-and-civilstorm"&gt;Using SWMM Control Sets in SewerGEMS and CivilStorm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/26170/modeling-gate-valve-opening-and-closing-based-on-pressure-transducer-reading"&gt;Modeling gate valve opening and closing based on pressure transducer reading&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/11852.differences-between-solvers-gvf-convex-vs-gvf-rational-vs-implicit-vs-explicit-swmm"&gt;Differences between solvers: GVF-Convex vs. GVF-Rational vs. Implicit vs. Explicit (SWMM)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/30532.modeling-a-weir-within-a-catch-basin-or-manhole"&gt;Modeling a weir within a catch basin or manhole&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/15556/user-notification-conduit-has-a-stop-control-structure-but-this-is-not-supported-next-to-the-connected-outfall-element"&gt;User notification: &amp;quot;Conduit has a Stop control structure, but this is not supported next to the connected outfall element.&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style="font-size: 90%;"&gt;Tags: Reviewed2020, control structure, Conduit, solver, SewerGEMS, start control structure, stop control structure, SewerCAD, CivilStorm&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>Conduit start and stop control structures</title><link>https://communities.bentley.com/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/35057/using-start-and-stop-control-structures-for-conduits-and-channels/revision/10</link><pubDate>Fri, 29 May 2020 14:19:26 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">6dad98f5-dbc9-4c4d-a9ba-e9da8dc6aa8e:6d73e871-6afd-4c89-a2d7-8deb2420e0ea</guid><dc:creator>Jesse Dringoli</dc:creator><comments>https://communities.bentley.com/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/35057/using-start-and-stop-control-structures-for-conduits-and-channels#comments</comments><description>Revision 10 posted to OpenFlows | Water Infrastructure Wiki by Jesse Dringoli on 5/29/2020 2:19:26 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;table style="background-color:#dce5f0;border:0px solid #dce5f0;" border="0"&gt;
&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align:right;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Product(s):&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;SewerGEMS, SewerCAD, CivilStorm&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align:right;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Version(s):&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;CONNECT Edition, V8i&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align:right;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Area:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Layout and Data Input&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;Using&amp;nbsp;conduit control structures in the storm-sewer products&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Flow regulating structures, also known as control structures, are common in storm water drainage systems and in combined sewer systems. The most common control structures are weirs and orifices.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In SewerGEMS, CivilStorm, and SewerCAD, you can attach a control structure on a conduit as either a Start or Stop Control Structure, with the exception of the Explicit solver, which only supports a Start Control Structure. Conduit control structures are treated as in-line (in series), so if you need&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A control structure can also have a flap gate which allows flow to travel in only one direction. Hydraulically these controls are treated as internal boundaries where the empirical weir or orifice equations are used. These equations will replace the momentum equations in the Saint Venant equations (for the Implicit solver). The continuity equation is simply the flow is the same between the upstream face and the downstream face of the internal boundary (control structure).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img alt=" " src="/resized-image/__size/1040x0/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-32/2043.control-structure.jpg" /&gt;&lt;img alt=" " src="/resized-image/__size/1040x0/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-32/control-structure1.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Control structures are commonly weirs or orifices. Weirs&amp;nbsp;are classified by their flow-diversion purpose as either a side weir or a transverse weir. Side weirs or&amp;nbsp;overflow weirs are used to divert extra high flows to overflow waterways. Typically a side weir is a weir parallel to the main sewer pipe and with enough high crest elevation to prevent any discharge of dry-weather flow, but it is also low and long enough to discharge required excess of wet weather flow. Transverse weirs or inline weirs are typically placed directly across the sewer pipe, perpendicular to the sewer flow and act like a small dam, to direct the low flow, usually dry weather flow, to diversion pipe such as dry weather flow interceptor sewer pipe. Weirs are also classified by their cross section shapes, such as rectangular, V-notch, trapezoidal, and irregular.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Weir start control structure on a lateral pipe for &lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/31551/modeling-a-side-weir-conduit-control-structure"&gt;flow diversion&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img alt=" " src="/resized-image/__size/200x0/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-32/sidecontrol.png" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Orifices are usually circular or rectangular openings in the wall of a tank or in a plate normal to the axis of the conduit. Orifices can be oriented in a variety of ways, such as side outlet or bottom outlet.&amp;nbsp;Orifices are treated the same as weirs to be internal boundaries except that the flow equation of an orifice is used to calculate the discharge.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Depth-Flow control structure allows you to enter a table to define what the flow will be at a given depth in the conduit. This can be useful if you want a greater level of control on the output of the control structure rather than relying on the weir or orifice equation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Functional control structure lets you select a structure type, which defines the equation that is used in the calculation of the flow. You will also define a set of coefficients and exponents to aid in the calculation.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;Numerical Stability&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Using a start control structure tends to be more stable than a stop control structure. If a stop control structure must be used and you&amp;#39;re experiencing problems with the results, try increasing the LPI Coefficient (in the calculation options for the Implicit solver) to a maximum of 12 (note that this may have an adverse impact on stability requiring other calculation option changes)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use a smaller calculation timestep in cases where a large change in flow can occur with a small change in head, such as when using a weir.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Significant backwater/tailwater effect against a conduit control structure can be challenging to solve.&amp;nbsp;A very small calculation timestep may be necessary, the Explicit (SWMM) solver may need to be used (with a very small Routing Step).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;In especially challenging situations, consider using an approximate pond (representing the ponded area upstream of the control) with pond outlet structure, which might work better in some situations.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;Supported Control Structures Per Numerical Solver&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For more on the differences between solvers, see &lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/11852/differences-between-solvers-gvf-convex-vs-gvf-rational-vs-implicit-vs-explicit-swmm"&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;Implicit (Dynamic Wave)&lt;/strong&gt; solver can model conduits with&amp;nbsp;start and/or stop control structure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;Explicit (SWMM)&lt;/strong&gt; solver can model conduits with a start control structure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;GVF-Convex&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;(SewerCAD) solver can model conduits with a start and/or stop control structure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;GVF-Rational&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;(StormCAD) solver can &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; model conduit control structures.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;See Also&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/28546/using-swmm-control-sets-in-sewergems-and-civilstorm"&gt;Using SWMM Control Sets in SewerGEMS and CivilStorm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/26170/modeling-gate-valve-opening-and-closing-based-on-pressure-transducer-reading"&gt;Modeling gate valve opening and closing based on pressure transducer reading&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/11852.differences-between-solvers-gvf-convex-vs-gvf-rational-vs-implicit-vs-explicit-swmm"&gt;Differences between solvers: GVF-Convex vs. GVF-Rational vs. Implicit vs. Explicit (SWMM)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/30532.modeling-a-weir-within-a-catch-basin-or-manhole"&gt;Modeling a weir within a catch basin or manhole&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/15556/user-notification-conduit-has-a-stop-control-structure-but-this-is-not-supported-next-to-the-connected-outfall-element"&gt;User notification: &amp;quot;Conduit has a Stop control structure, but this is not supported next to the connected outfall element.&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style="font-size: 90%;"&gt;Tags: Reviewed2020, control structure, Conduit, solver, SewerGEMS, start control structure, stop control structure, SewerCAD, Reviewed2018, CivilStorm&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>Conduit start and stop control structures</title><link>https://communities.bentley.com/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/35057/using-start-and-stop-control-structures-for-conduits-and-channels/revision/9</link><pubDate>Fri, 29 May 2020 14:19:12 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">6dad98f5-dbc9-4c4d-a9ba-e9da8dc6aa8e:6d73e871-6afd-4c89-a2d7-8deb2420e0ea</guid><dc:creator>Jesse Dringoli</dc:creator><comments>https://communities.bentley.com/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/35057/using-start-and-stop-control-structures-for-conduits-and-channels#comments</comments><description>Revision 9 posted to OpenFlows | Water Infrastructure Wiki by Jesse Dringoli on 5/29/2020 2:19:12 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;table style="background-color:#dce5f0;border:0px solid #dce5f0;" border="0"&gt;
&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align:right;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Product(s):&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;SewerGEMS, SewerCAD, CivilStorm&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align:right;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Version(s):&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;CONNECT Edition, V8i&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align:right;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Area:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Layout and Data Input&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;Using&amp;nbsp;conduit control structures in the storm-sewer products&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Flow regulating structures, also known as control structures, are common in storm water drainage systems and in combined sewer systems. The most common control structures are weirs and orifices.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In SewerGEMS, CivilStorm, and SewerCAD, you can attach a control structure on a conduit as either a Start or Stop Control Structure, with the exception of the Explicit solver, which only supports a Start Control Structure. Conduit control structures are treated as in-line (in series), so if you need&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A control structure can also have a flap gate which allows flow to travel in only one direction. Hydraulically these controls are treated as internal boundaries where the empirical weir or orifice equations are used. These equations will replace the momentum equations in the Saint Venant equations (for the Implicit solver). The continuity equation is simply the flow is the same between the upstream face and the downstream face of the internal boundary (control structure).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img alt=" " src="/resized-image/__size/1040x0/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-32/2043.control-structure.jpg" /&gt;&lt;img alt=" " src="/resized-image/__size/1040x0/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-32/control-structure1.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Control structures are commonly weirs or orifices. Weirs&amp;nbsp;are classified by their flow-diversion purpose as either a side weir or a transverse weir. Side weirs or&amp;nbsp;overflow weirs are used to divert extra high flows to overflow waterways. Typically a side weir is a weir parallel to the main sewer pipe and with enough high crest elevation to prevent any discharge of dry-weather flow, but it is also low and long enough to discharge required excess of wet weather flow. Transverse weirs or inline weirs are typically placed directly across the sewer pipe, perpendicular to the sewer flow and act like a small dam, to direct the low flow, usually dry weather flow, to diversion pipe such as dry weather flow interceptor sewer pipe. Weirs are also classified by their cross section shapes, such as rectangular, V-notch, trapezoidal, and irregular.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Weir start control structure on a lateral pipe for &lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/31551/modeling-a-side-weir-conduit-control-structure"&gt;flow diversion&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img alt=" " src="/resized-image/__size/200x0/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-32/sidecontrol.png" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Orifices are usually circular or rectangular openings in the wall of a tank or in a plate normal to the axis of the conduit. Orifices can be oriented in a variety of ways, such as side outlet or bottom outlet.&amp;nbsp;Orifices are treated the same as weirs to be internal boundaries except that the flow equation of an orifice is used to calculate the discharge.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Depth-Flow control structure allows you to enter a table to define what the flow will be at a given depth in the conduit. This can be useful if you want a greater level of control on the output of the control structure rather than relying on the weir or orifice equation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Functional control structure lets you select a structure type, which defines the equation that is used in the calculation of the flow. You will also define a set of coefficients and exponents to aid in the calculation.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;Numerical Stability&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Using a start control structure tends to be more stable than a stop control structure. If a stop control structure must be used and you&amp;#39;re experiencing problems with the results, try increasing the LPI Coefficient (in the calculation options for the Implicit solver) to a maximum of 12 (note that this may have an adverse impact on stability requiring other calculation option changes)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Use a smaller calculation timestep in cases where a large change in flow can occur with a small change in head, such as when using a weir.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Significant backwater/tailwater effect against a conduit control structure can be challenging to solve.&amp;nbsp;A very small calculation timestep may be necessary, the Explicit (SWMM) solver may need to be used (with a very small Routing Step).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;In especially challenging situations, consider using an approximate pond (representing the ponded area upstream of the control) with pond outlet structure, which might work better in some situations.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;Supported Control Structures Per Numerical Solver&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For more on the differences between solvers, see &lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/11852/differences-between-solvers-gvf-convex-vs-gvf-rational-vs-implicit-vs-explicit-swmm"&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;Implicit (Dynamic Wave)&lt;/strong&gt; solver can model conduits with&amp;nbsp;start and/or stop control structure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;Explicit (SWMM)&lt;/strong&gt; solver can model conduits with a start control structure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;GVF-Convex&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;(SewerCAD) solver can model conduits with a start and/or stop control structure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;GVF-Rational&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;(StormCAD) solver can &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; model conduit control structures.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;See Also&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/28546/using-swmm-control-sets-in-sewergems-and-civilstorm"&gt;Using SWMM Control Sets in SewerGEMS and CivilStorm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/26170/modeling-gate-valve-opening-and-closing-based-on-pressure-transducer-reading"&gt;Modeling gate valve opening and closing based on pressure transducer reading&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/11852.differences-between-solvers-gvf-convex-vs-gvf-rational-vs-implicit-vs-explicit-swmm"&gt;Differences between solvers: GVF-Convex vs. GVF-Rational vs. Implicit vs. Explicit (SWMM)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/30532.modeling-a-weir-within-a-catch-basin-or-manhole"&gt;Modeling a weir within a catch basin or manhole&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/15556/user-notification-conduit-has-a-stop-control-structure-but-this-is-not-supported-next-to-the-connected-outfall-element"&gt;User notification: &amp;quot;Conduit has a Stop control structure, but this is not supported next to the connected outfall element.&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style="font-size: 90%;"&gt;Tags: control structure, Conduit, solver, SewerGEMS, start control structure, stop control structure, SewerCAD, Reviewed2018, CivilStorm&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>Conduit start/stop control structures</title><link>https://communities.bentley.com/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/35057/using-start-and-stop-control-structures-for-conduits-and-channels/revision/8</link><pubDate>Fri, 24 Jan 2020 18:48:31 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">6dad98f5-dbc9-4c4d-a9ba-e9da8dc6aa8e:6d73e871-6afd-4c89-a2d7-8deb2420e0ea</guid><dc:creator>Jesse Dringoli</dc:creator><comments>https://communities.bentley.com/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/35057/using-start-and-stop-control-structures-for-conduits-and-channels#comments</comments><description>Revision 8 posted to OpenFlows | Water Infrastructure Wiki by Jesse Dringoli on 1/24/2020 6:48:31 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;table style="background-color:#dce5f0;border:0px solid #dce5f0;" border="0"&gt;
&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align:right;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Product(s):&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;SewerGEMS, SewerCAD, CivilStorm&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align:right;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Version(s):&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;CONNECT Edition, V8i&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align:right;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Area:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Layout and Data Input&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;How to add and use conduit control structures in the storm-sewer products&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Flow regulating structures, also known as control structures, are very common in storm water drainage systems and in combined sewer systems. The most common control structures are weirs and orifices.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In SewerGEMS, CivilStorm, and SewerCAD, you can attach a control structure on a conduit as either a Start or Stop Control Structure, with the exception of the Explicit solver, which only supports a Start Control Structure. A control structure can also have a flap gate which allows flow to travel in only one direction. Hydraulically these controls are treated as internal boundaries where the empirical weir or orifice equations are used. These equations will replace the momentum equations in the Saint Venant equations (for the Implicit solver). The continuity equation is simply the flow is the same between the upstream face and the downstream face of the internal boundary (control structure).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img alt=" " src="/resized-image/__size/1040x0/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-32/2043.control-structure.jpg" /&gt;&lt;img alt=" " src="/resized-image/__size/1040x0/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-32/control-structure1.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Control structures are commonly weirs or orifices. Weirs&amp;nbsp;are classified by their flow-diversion purpose as either a side weir or a transverse weir. Side weirs or&amp;nbsp;overflow weirs are used to divert extra high flows to overflow waterways. Typically a side weir is a weir parallel to the main sewer pipe and with enough high crest elevation to prevent any discharge of dry-weather flow, but it is also low and long enough to discharge required excess of wet weather flow. Transverse weirs or inline weirs are typically placed directly cross the sewer pipe, perpendicular to the sewer flow and act like a small dam, to direct the low flow, usually dry weather flow, to diversion pipe such as dry weather flow interceptor sewer pipe. Weirs are also classified by their cross section shapes, such as rectangular, V-notch, trapezoidal, and irregular.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Orifices are usually circular or rectangular openings in the wall of a tank or in a plate normal to the axis of the conduit. Orifices can be oriented in a variety of ways, such as side outlet or bottom outlet.&amp;nbsp;Orifices are treated the same as weirs to be internal boundaries except that the flow equation of an orifice is used to calculate the discharge.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Depth-Flow control structure allows you to enter a table to define what the flow will be at a given depth in the conduit. This can be useful if you want a greater level of control on the output of the control structure rather than relying on the weir or orifice equation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Functional control structure lets you select a structure type, which defines the equation that is used in the calculation of the flow. You will also define a set of coefficients and exponents to aid in the calculation.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;Which storm/sewer OpenFlows product numerical solvers can model a start or stop control structure in a conduit?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;Implicit (Dynamic Wave)&lt;/strong&gt; solver can model conduits with&amp;nbsp;start and/or stop control structure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;Explicit (SWMM)&lt;/strong&gt; solver can model conduits with a start control structure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;GVF-Convex&lt;/strong&gt; solver can model conduits with a start and/or stop control structure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;GVF-Rational&lt;/strong&gt; solver can &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; model conduit control structures.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;See Also&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/28546/using-swmm-control-sets-in-sewergems-and-civilstorm"&gt;Using SWMM Control Sets in SewerGEMS and CivilStorm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/26170/modeling-gate-valve-opening-and-closing-based-on-pressure-transducer-reading"&gt;Modeling gate valve opening and closing based on pressure transducer reading&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/11852.differences-between-solvers-gvf-convex-vs-gvf-rational-vs-implicit-vs-explicit-swmm"&gt;Differences between solvers: GVF-Convex vs. GVF-Rational vs. Implicit vs. Explicit (SWMM)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/30532.modeling-a-weir-within-a-catch-basin-or-manhole"&gt;Modeling a weir within a catch basin or manhole&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/15556/user-notification-conduit-has-a-stop-control-structure-but-this-is-not-supported-next-to-the-connected-outfall-element"&gt;User notification: &amp;quot;Conduit has a Stop control structure, but this is not supported next to the connected outfall element.&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style="font-size: 90%;"&gt;Tags: control structure, Conduit, solver, SewerGEMS, start control structure, stop control structure, SewerCAD, Reviewed2018, CivilStorm&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>Conduit start/stop control structures</title><link>https://communities.bentley.com/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/35057/using-start-and-stop-control-structures-for-conduits-and-channels/revision/7</link><pubDate>Thu, 21 Mar 2019 07:28:42 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">6dad98f5-dbc9-4c4d-a9ba-e9da8dc6aa8e:6d73e871-6afd-4c89-a2d7-8deb2420e0ea</guid><dc:creator>Yashodhan Joshi</dc:creator><comments>https://communities.bentley.com/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/35057/using-start-and-stop-control-structures-for-conduits-and-channels#comments</comments><description>Revision 7 posted to OpenFlows | Water Infrastructure Wiki by Yashodhan Joshi on 3/21/2019 7:28:42 AM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;table style="background-color:#dce5f0;border:0px solid #dce5f0;" border="0"&gt;
&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align:right;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Product(s):&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;SewerGEMS, SewerCAD, CivilStorm&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align:right;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Version(s):&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;CONNECT Edition, V8i&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align:right;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Area:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Layout and Data Input&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;How to add and use conduit control structures in the storm-sewer products&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Flow regulating structures, also known as control structures, are very common in storm water drainage systems and in combined sewer systems. The most common control structures are weirs and orifices.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In SewerGEMS, CivilStorm, and SewerCAD, you can attach a control structure on a conduit as either a Start or Stop Control Structure, with the exception of the Explicit solver, which only supports a Start Control Structure. A control structure can also have a flap gate which allows flow to travel in only one direction. Hydraulically these controls are treated as internal boundaries where the empirical weir or orifice equations are used. These equations will replace the momentum equations in the Saint Venant equations (for the Implicit solver). The continuity equation is simply the flow is the same between the upstream face and the downstream face of the internal boundary (control structure).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img alt=" " src="/resized-image/__size/1040x0/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-32/2043.control-structure.jpg" /&gt;&lt;img alt=" " src="/resized-image/__size/1040x0/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-32/control-structure1.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Control structures are commonly weirs or orifices. Weirs&amp;nbsp;are classified by their flow-diversion purpose as either a side weir or a transverse weir. Side weirs or&amp;nbsp;overflow weirs are used to divert extra high flows to overflow waterways. Typically a side weir is a weir parallel to the main sewer pipe and with enough high crest elevation to prevent any discharge of dry-weather flow, but it is also low and long enough to discharge required excess of wet weather flow. Transverse weirs or inline weirs are typically placed directly cross the sewer pipe, perpendicular to the sewer flow and act like a small dam, to direct the low flow, usually dry weather flow, to diversion pipe such as dry weather flow interceptor sewer pipe. Weirs are also classified by their cross section shapes, such as rectangular, V-notch, trapezoidal, and irregular.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Orifices are usually circular or rectangular openings in the wall of a tank or in a plate normal to the axis of the conduit. Orifices can be oriented in a variety of ways, such as side outlet or bottom outlet.&amp;nbsp;Orifices are treated the same as weirs to be internal boundaries except that the flow equation of an orifice is used to calculate the discharge.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Depth-Flow control structure allows you to enter a table to define what the flow will be at a given depth in the conduit. This can be useful if you want a greater level of control on the output of the control structure rather than relying on the weir or orifice equation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Functional control structure lets you select a structure type, which defines the equation that is used in the calculation of the flow. You will also define a set of coefficients and exponents to aid in the calculation.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;Which storm/sewer OpenFlows product numerical solvers can model a start or stop control structure in a conduit?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;Implicit (Dynamic Wave)&lt;/strong&gt; solver can model conduits with&amp;nbsp;start and/or stop control structure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;Explicit (SWMM)&lt;/strong&gt; solver can model conduits with a start control structure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;GVF-Convex&lt;/strong&gt; solver can model conduits with a start and/or stop control structure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;GVF-Rational&lt;/strong&gt; solver can not model conduits with&amp;nbsp;a start or stop control structure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;See Also&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/28546/using-swmm-control-sets-in-sewergems-and-civilstorm"&gt;Using SWMM Control Sets in SewerGEMS and CivilStorm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/26170/modeling-gate-valve-opening-and-closing-based-on-pressure-transducer-reading"&gt;Modeling gate valve opening and closing based on pressure transducer reading&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/11852.differences-between-solvers-gvf-convex-vs-gvf-rational-vs-implicit-vs-explicit-swmm"&gt;Differences between solvers: GVF-Convex vs. GVF-Rational vs. Implicit vs. Explicit (SWMM)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/30532.modeling-a-weir-within-a-catch-basin-or-manhole"&gt;Modeling a weir within a catch basin or manhole&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/15556/user-notification-conduit-has-a-stop-control-structure-but-this-is-not-supported-next-to-the-connected-outfall-element"&gt;User notification: &amp;quot;Conduit has a Stop control structure, but this is not supported next to the connected outfall element.&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style="font-size: 90%;"&gt;Tags: control structure, Conduit, solver, SewerGEMS, start control structure, stop control structure, SewerCAD, Reviewed2018, CivilStorm&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>Conduit start/stop control structures</title><link>https://communities.bentley.com/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/35057/using-start-and-stop-control-structures-for-conduits-and-channels/revision/6</link><pubDate>Thu, 26 Apr 2018 19:14:16 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">6dad98f5-dbc9-4c4d-a9ba-e9da8dc6aa8e:6d73e871-6afd-4c89-a2d7-8deb2420e0ea</guid><dc:creator>Jesse Dringoli</dc:creator><comments>https://communities.bentley.com/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/35057/using-start-and-stop-control-structures-for-conduits-and-channels#comments</comments><description>Revision 6 posted to OpenFlows | Water Infrastructure Wiki by Jesse Dringoli on 4/26/2018 7:14:16 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;table style="background-color:#dce5f0;border:0px solid #dce5f0;" border="0"&gt;
&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align:right;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Product(s):&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;SewerGEMS, SewerCAD, CivilStorm&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align:right;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Version(s):&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;CONNECT Edition, V8i&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align:right;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Area:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Layout and Data Input&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;How to add and use conduit control structures in the storm-sewer products&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Flow regulating structures, also known as control structures, are very common in storm water drainage systems and in combined sewer systems. The most common control structures are weirs and orifices.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In SewerGEMS, CivilStorm, and SewerCAD, you can attach a control structure on a conduit as either a Start or Stop Control Structure, with the exception of the Explicit solver, which only supports a Start Control Structure. A control structure can also have a flap gate which allows flow to travel in only one direction. Hydraulically these controls are treated as internal boundaries where the empirical weir or orifice equations are used. These equations will replace the momentum equations in the Saint Venant equations (for the Implicit solver). The continuity equation is simply the flow is the same between the upstream face and the downstream face of the internal boundary (control structure).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img alt=" " src="/resized-image/__size/1040x0/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-32/2043.control-structure.jpg" /&gt;&lt;img alt=" " src="/resized-image/__size/1040x0/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-32/control-structure1.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Control structures are commonly weirs or orifices. Weirs&amp;nbsp;are classified by their flow-diversion purpose as either a side weir or a transverse weir. Side weirs or&amp;nbsp;overflow weirs are used to divert extra high flows to overflow waterways. Typically a side weir is a weir parallel to the main sewer pipe and with enough high crest elevation to prevent any discharge of dry-weather flow, but it is also low and long enough to discharge required excess of wet weather flow. Transverse weirs or inline weirs are typically placed directly cross the sewer pipe, perpendicular to the sewer flow and act like a small dam, to direct the low flow, usually dry weather flow, to diversion pipe such as dry weather flow interceptor sewer pipe. Weirs are also classified by their cross section shapes, such as rectangular, V-notch, trapezoidal, and irregular.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Orifices are usually circular or rectangular openings in the wall of a tank or in a plate normal to the axis of the conduit. Orifices can be oriented in a variety of ways, such as side outlet or bottom outlet.&amp;nbsp;Orifices are treated the same as weirs to be internal boundaries except that the flow equation of an orifice is used to calculate the discharge.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Depth-Flow control structure allows you to enter a table to define what the flow will be at a given depth in the conduit. This can be useful if you want a greater level of control on the output of the control structure rather than relying on the weir or orifice equation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Functional control structure lets you select a structure type, which defines the equation that is used in the calculation of the flow. You will also define a set of coefficients and exponents to aid in the calculation.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;Which storm/sewer Haestad product numerical solvers can model a start or stop control structure in a conduit?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;Implicit (Dynamic Wave)&lt;/strong&gt; solver can model conduits with&amp;nbsp;start and/or stop control structure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;Explicit (SWMM)&lt;/strong&gt; solver can model conduits with a start control structure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;GVF-Convex&lt;/strong&gt; solver can model conduits with a start and/or stop control structure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;GVF-Rational&lt;/strong&gt; solver can not model conduits with&amp;nbsp;a start or stop control structure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;See Also&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/28546/using-swmm-control-sets-in-sewergems-and-civilstorm"&gt;Using SWMM Control Sets in SewerGEMS and CivilStorm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/26170/modeling-gate-valve-opening-and-closing-based-on-pressure-transducer-reading"&gt;Modeling gate valve opening and closing based on pressure transducer reading&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/11852.differences-between-solvers-gvf-convex-vs-gvf-rational-vs-implicit-vs-explicit-swmm"&gt;Differences between solvers: GVF-Convex vs. GVF-Rational vs. Implicit vs. Explicit (SWMM)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/30532.modeling-a-weir-within-a-catch-basin-or-manhole"&gt;Modeling a weir within a catch basin or manhole&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/15556/user-notification-conduit-has-a-stop-control-structure-but-this-is-not-supported-next-to-the-connected-outfall-element"&gt;User notification: &amp;quot;Conduit has a Stop control structure, but this is not supported next to the connected outfall element.&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style="font-size: 90%;"&gt;Tags: control structure, Conduit, solver, SewerGEMS, start control structure, stop control structure, SewerCAD, Reviewed2018, CivilStorm&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>Conduit start/stop control structures</title><link>https://communities.bentley.com/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/35057/using-start-and-stop-control-structures-for-conduits-and-channels/revision/5</link><pubDate>Mon, 05 Mar 2018 17:11:41 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">6dad98f5-dbc9-4c4d-a9ba-e9da8dc6aa8e:6d73e871-6afd-4c89-a2d7-8deb2420e0ea</guid><dc:creator>Scott Kampa</dc:creator><comments>https://communities.bentley.com/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/35057/using-start-and-stop-control-structures-for-conduits-and-channels#comments</comments><description>Revision 5 posted to OpenFlows | Water Infrastructure Wiki by Scott Kampa on 3/5/2018 5:11:41 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;table style="background-color:#dce5f0;border:0px solid #dce5f0;" border="0"&gt;
&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align:right;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Product(s):&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;SewerGEMS, SewerCAD, CivilStorm&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align:right;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Version(s):&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;CONNECT Edition, V8i&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align:right;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Area:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Layout and Data Input&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;How to add and use conduit control structures in the storm-sewer products&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Flow regulating structures, also known as control structures, are very common in storm water drainage systems and in combined sewer systems. The most common control structures are weirs and orifices.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In SewerGEMS, CivilStorm, and SewerCAD, you can attach a control structure on a conduit as either a Start or Stop Control Structure, with the exception of the Explicit solver, which only supports a Start Control Structure. A control structure can also have a flap gate which allows flow to travel in only one direction. Hydraulically these controls are treated as internal boundaries where the empirical weir or orifice equations are used. These equations will replace the momentum equations in the Saint Venant equations (for the Implicit solver). The continuity equation is simply the flow is the same between the upstream face and the downstream face of the internal boundary (control structure).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img alt=" " src="/resized-image/__size/1040x0/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-32/2043.control-structure.jpg" /&gt;&lt;img alt=" " src="/resized-image/__size/1040x0/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-32/control-structure1.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Control structures are commonly weirs or orifices. Weirs&amp;nbsp;are classified by their flow-diversion purpose as either a side weir or a transverse weir. Side weirs or&amp;nbsp;overflow weirs are used to divert extra high flows to overflow waterways. Typically a side weir is a weir parallel to the main sewer pipe and with enough high crest elevation to prevent any discharge of dry-weather flow, but it is also low and long enough to discharge required excess of wet weather flow. Transverse weirs or inline weirs are typically placed directly cross the sewer pipe, perpendicular to the sewer flow and act like a small dam, to direct the low flow, usually dry weather flow, to diversion pipe such as dry weather flow interceptor sewer pipe. Weirs are also classified by their cross section shapes, such as rectangular, V-notch, trapezoidal, and irregular.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Orifices are usually circular or rectangular openings in the wall of a tank or in a plate normal to the axis of the conduit. Orifices can be oriented in a variety of ways, such as side outlet or bottom outlet.&amp;nbsp;Orifices are treated the same as weirs to be internal boundaries except that the flow equation of an orifice is used to calculate the discharge.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Depth-Flow control structure allows you to enter a table to define what the flow will be at a given depth in the conduit. This can be useful if you want a greater level of control on the output of the control structure rather than relying on the weir or orifice equation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Functional control structure lets you select a structure type, which defines the equation that is used in the calculation of the flow. You will also define a set of coefficients and exponents to aid in the calculation.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;Which storm/sewer Haestad product numerical solvers can model a start or stop control structure in a conduit?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;Implicit (Dynamic Wave)&lt;/strong&gt; solver can model conduits with&amp;nbsp;start and/or stop control structure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;Explicit (SWMM)&lt;/strong&gt; solver can model conduits with a start control structure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;GVF-Convex&lt;/strong&gt; solver can model conduits with a start and/or stop control structure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;GVF-Rational&lt;/strong&gt; solver can not model conduits with&amp;nbsp;a start or stop control structure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;See Also&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/11852.differences-between-solvers-gvf-convex-vs-gvf-rational-vs-implicit-vs-explicit-swmm"&gt;Differences between solvers: GVF-Convex vs. GVF-Rational vs. Implicit vs. Explicit (SWMM)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/30532.modeling-a-weir-within-a-catch-basin-or-manhole"&gt;Modeling a weir within a catch basin or manhole&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/15556/user-notification-conduit-has-a-stop-control-structure-but-this-is-not-supported-next-to-the-connected-outfall-element"&gt;User notification: &amp;quot;Conduit has a Stop control structure, but this is not supported next to the connected outfall element.&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style="font-size: 90%;"&gt;Tags: control structure, Conduit, solver, SewerGEMS, start control structure, stop control structure, SewerCAD, Reviewed2018, CivilStorm&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>Conduit start/stop control structures</title><link>https://communities.bentley.com/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/35057/using-start-and-stop-control-structures-for-conduits-and-channels/revision/4</link><pubDate>Tue, 03 Oct 2017 16:27:58 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">6dad98f5-dbc9-4c4d-a9ba-e9da8dc6aa8e:6d73e871-6afd-4c89-a2d7-8deb2420e0ea</guid><dc:creator>MPachlhofer</dc:creator><comments>https://communities.bentley.com/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/35057/using-start-and-stop-control-structures-for-conduits-and-channels#comments</comments><description>Revision 4 posted to OpenFlows | Water Infrastructure Wiki by MPachlhofer on 10/3/2017 4:27:58 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;table style="background-color:#dce5f0;border:0px solid #dce5f0;" border="0"&gt;
&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align:right;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Product(s):&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;SewerGEMS, SewerCAD, CivilStorm&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align:right;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Version(s):&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;As of 10.00.00.40&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align:right;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Area:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Layout and Data Input&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;Which storm/sewer Haestad product numerical solvers can model a start or stop control structure in a conduit?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;Implicit (Dynamic Wave)&lt;/strong&gt; solver can model conduits with&amp;nbsp;start and/or stop control structure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;Explicit (SWMM)&lt;/strong&gt; solver can model conduits with a start control structure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;GVF-Convex&lt;/strong&gt; solver can model conduits with a start and/or stop control structure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;GVF-Rational&lt;/strong&gt; solver can not model conduits with&amp;nbsp;a start or stop control structure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/cfs-file/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-32/Start-and-Stop-control-structure.png"&gt;&lt;img alt=" " src="/resized-image/__size/245x316/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-32/Start-and-Stop-control-structure.png" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;See Also&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/11852.differences-between-solvers-gvf-convex-vs-gvf-rational-vs-implicit-vs-explicit-swmm"&gt;Differences between solvers: GVF-Convex vs. GVF-Rational vs. Implicit vs. Explicit (SWMM)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/30532.modeling-a-weir-within-a-catch-basin-or-manhole"&gt;Modeling a weir within a catch basin or manhole&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style="font-size: 90%;"&gt;Tags: control structure, Conduit, solver, SewerGEMS, start control structure, stop control structure, SewerCAD, CivilStorm&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>Conduit start/stop control structures</title><link>https://communities.bentley.com/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/35057/using-start-and-stop-control-structures-for-conduits-and-channels/revision/3</link><pubDate>Tue, 03 Oct 2017 16:26:54 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">6dad98f5-dbc9-4c4d-a9ba-e9da8dc6aa8e:6d73e871-6afd-4c89-a2d7-8deb2420e0ea</guid><dc:creator>MPachlhofer</dc:creator><comments>https://communities.bentley.com/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/35057/using-start-and-stop-control-structures-for-conduits-and-channels#comments</comments><description>Revision 3 posted to OpenFlows | Water Infrastructure Wiki by MPachlhofer on 10/3/2017 4:26:54 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;table style="background-color:#dce5f0;border:0px solid #dce5f0;" border="0"&gt;
&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align:right;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Product(s):&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;SewerGEMS, SewerCAD, CivilStorm&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align:right;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Version(s):&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;As of 10.00.00.40&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align:right;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Area:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Layout and Data Input&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;Which storm/sewer Haestad product numerical solvers can model a start or stop control structure in a conduit?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;Implicit (Dynamic Wave)&lt;/strong&gt; solver can model conduits with&amp;nbsp;start and/or stop control structure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;Explicit (SWMM)&lt;/strong&gt; solver can model conduits with a start control structure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;GVF-Convex&lt;/strong&gt; solver can model conduits with a start and/or stop control structure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;GVF-Rational&lt;/strong&gt; solver can not model conduits with&amp;nbsp;a start or stop control structure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/cfs-file/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-32/Start-and-Stop-control-structure.png"&gt;&lt;img src="/resized-image/__size/231x297/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-32/Start-and-Stop-control-structure.png" alt=" " /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;See Also&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/11852.differences-between-solvers-gvf-convex-vs-gvf-rational-vs-implicit-vs-explicit-swmm"&gt;Differences between solvers: GVF-Convex vs. GVF-Rational vs. Implicit vs. Explicit (SWMM)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/30532.modeling-a-weir-within-a-catch-basin-or-manhole"&gt;Modeling a weir within a catch basin or manhole&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style="font-size: 90%;"&gt;Tags: control structure, Conduit, solver, SewerGEMS, start control structure, stop control structure, SewerCAD, CivilStorm&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>Conduit start/stop control structures</title><link>https://communities.bentley.com/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/35057/using-start-and-stop-control-structures-for-conduits-and-channels/revision/2</link><pubDate>Wed, 17 May 2017 01:57:12 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">6dad98f5-dbc9-4c4d-a9ba-e9da8dc6aa8e:6d73e871-6afd-4c89-a2d7-8deb2420e0ea</guid><dc:creator>Jesse Dringoli</dc:creator><comments>https://communities.bentley.com/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/35057/using-start-and-stop-control-structures-for-conduits-and-channels#comments</comments><description>Revision 2 posted to OpenFlows | Water Infrastructure Wiki by Jesse Dringoli on 5/17/2017 1:57:12 AM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="padding:0;margin:0;"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style="border:0px solid #dce5f0;background-color:#dce5f0;" border="0"&gt;
&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align:right;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Product(s):&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;SewerGEMS, SewerCAD, CivilStorm&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align:right;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Version(s):&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;As of 10.00.00.40&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align:right;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Area:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Layout and Data Input&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;Which storm/sewer Haestad product numerical solvers can model a start or stop control structure in a conduit?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;Implicit (Dynamic Wave)&lt;/strong&gt; solver can model conduits with&amp;nbsp;start and/or stop control structure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;Explicit (SWMM)&lt;/strong&gt; solver can model conduits with a start control structure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;GVF-Convex&lt;/strong&gt; solver can model conduits with a start and/or stop control structure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;GVF-Rational&lt;/strong&gt; solver can not model conduits with&amp;nbsp;a start or stop control structure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;See Also&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/11852.differences-between-solvers-gvf-convex-vs-gvf-rational-vs-implicit-vs-explicit-swmm"&gt;Differences between solvers: GVF-Convex vs. GVF-Rational vs. Implicit vs. Explicit (SWMM)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/30532.modeling-a-weir-within-a-catch-basin-or-manhole"&gt;Modeling a weir within a catch basin or manhole&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style="font-size: 90%;"&gt;Tags: control structure, Conduit, solver, SewerGEMS, SewerCAD, CivilStorm&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item><item><title>Conduit start/stop control structures</title><link>https://communities.bentley.com/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/35057/using-start-and-stop-control-structures-for-conduits-and-channels/revision/1</link><pubDate>Thu, 11 May 2017 20:48:45 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">6dad98f5-dbc9-4c4d-a9ba-e9da8dc6aa8e:6d73e871-6afd-4c89-a2d7-8deb2420e0ea</guid><dc:creator>Craig Calvin</dc:creator><comments>https://communities.bentley.com/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/35057/using-start-and-stop-control-structures-for-conduits-and-channels#comments</comments><description>Revision 1 posted to OpenFlows | Water Infrastructure Wiki by Craig Calvin on 5/11/2017 8:48:45 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="padding:0;margin:0;"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style="border:0px solid #dce5f0;background-color:#dce5f0;" border="0"&gt;
&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align:right;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Product(s):&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;SewerGEMS, SewerCAD, CivilStorm&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align:right;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Version(s):&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;08.11.XX.XX and 10.00.00.XX&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style="text-align:right;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Area:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Layout and Data Input&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;What storm/sewer solvers can model a start or stop control structure at the end of a conduit?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;Implicit (Dynamic Wave)&lt;/strong&gt; solver can model conduits with&amp;nbsp;start and/or stop control structure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;Explicit (SWMM)&lt;/strong&gt; solver can model conduits with a start control structure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;GVF-Convex&lt;/strong&gt; solver can model conduits with a start and/or stop control structure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;GVF-Rational&lt;/strong&gt; solver can not model conduits with&amp;nbsp;a start or stop control structure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;See Also&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/products/hydraulics___hydrology/w/hydraulics_and_hydrology__wiki/11852.differences-between-solvers-gvf-convex-vs-gvf-rational-vs-implicit-vs-explicit-swmm"&gt;Differences between solvers: GVF-Convex vs. GVF-Rational vs. Implicit vs. Explicit (SWMM)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style="font-size: 90%;"&gt;Tags: control structure, Conduit, solver, SewerGEMS, SewerCAD, CivilStorm&lt;/div&gt;
</description></item></channel></rss>