Problem

Is it possible to identify a AutoCAD pen table (*.ctb files) from the configuration in MicroStation printing without the need to convert them to *.tbl files? 

Solution

It is possible to identify a AutoCAD's *.ctb files directly in the print/plot configuration.
To do this open a MicroStation file and go to: File > Print
In the "Print"-dialog go to: File > Edit Printer Driver Configuration

On the 2nd tab in the "Printer Driver Configuration"-dialog under chapter "General" there is the option "Default Pen Table Name". Here you can define which pen table need to be used. This can be MicroStation or AutoCAD originated tables.