To restore the ESRI basemap functionalities without re-installation, you should use the Add Data > Server Data method by following the procedures below:
1) Click Add Data > Server Data as shown.
2) Remove the existing connection.
3) Re-create the connection as below.
4) Then select a map and click Open.
Note that this will provide a workaround to the fact that ESRI basemaps cannot be opened from the Maps ribbon directly anymore.